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ID:41516076
大小:72.50 KB
页数:6页
时间:2019-08-26
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1、Unit1ProductionofDrugs About5000antibioticshavealreadybeenisolatedfrommicroorganisms,butoftheseonlysomewhatfewerthan100areintherapeuticuse.Itmustberemembered,however,thatmanyderivativeshavebeenmodifiedbypartialsynthesisfortherapeuticuse;some50,000agentshavebeensemisyntheticallyobtaine
2、dfrom户lactamsaloneinthelastdecade.Fermentationsarecarriedoutinstainlesssteelfermentorswithvolumesupto400m3.Toavoidcontaminationofthemicroorganismswithphagesetc.thewholeprocesshastobeperformedundersterileconditions.Sincethemoreimportantfermentationsoccurexclusivelyunderaerobicconditionsag
3、oodsupplyofoxygenorair(sterile)isneeded.Carbondioxidesourcesincludecarbohydrates,e.g.molasses,saccharides,andglucose.Additionallythemicroorganismsmustbesuppliedinthegrowthmediumwithnitrogen-containingcompoundssuchasammoniumsulfate,ammonia,orurea,aswellaswithinorganicphosphates.Furthermor
4、e,constantoptimalpHandtemperaturearerequired.InthecaseofpenicillinG,thefermentationisfinishedafter200hours,andthecellmassisseparatedbyfiltration.Thedesiredactiveagentsareisolatedfromthefiltratebyabsorptionorextractionprocesses.Thecellmass,ifnotthedesiredproduct,canbefurtherusedasananimal
5、feedstuffowingtoitshighproteincontent.关于5000抗生素已经分离出的微生物,但其中只有不到100有些治疗使用。必须记住,但是,许多衍生工具已被用于治疗使用部分合成修改;约50,000剂已被semisynthetically取得户内酰胺在过去十年孤独。发酵都是在不锈钢发酵罐出来的量高达400立方米。为了避免与噬菌体等微生物污染的全过程都必须在无菌条件下进行。由于更重要的发酵只发生在有氧条件下的氧气或空气好电源(无菌)是必要的。二氧化碳的来源包括碳水化合物,大肠杆菌克糖蜜,糖和葡萄糖。另外必须提供的微生物在与含氮如硫酸铵,氨水或尿素化合
6、物生长介质,以及与无机磷酸盐。此外,不断最适pH和温度是必需的。在青霉素G的情况下,发酵完成200小时后,细胞的质量是由过滤分离。所需的活性剂是隔离的滤液吸收或提取工艺。大规模的细胞,如果不理想的产品,可进一步用作动物,由于其蛋白质含量高的饲料。 Bymodernrecombinanttechniquesmicroorganismshavebeenobtainedwhichalsoallowproductionofpeptideswhichwerenotencodedintheoriginalgenes.ModifiedE.colibacteriamakeitthusp
7、ossibletoproduceA-andB-chainsofhumaninsulinorproinsulinanalogs.Thedisulfidebridgesareformedselectivelyafterisolation,andthefinalpurificationiseffectedbychromatographicprocedures.Inthiswayhumaninsulinisobtainedtotallyindependentlyfromanypancreaticmaterialtakenfromanimals.O
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