motivation herzberg&maslow 马斯洛员工激励理论

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1、HerzbergtwofactortheoryHerzberganalysedthejobattitudesof200accountantsandengineerswhowereaskedtorecallwhentheyhadfeltpositiveornegativeatworkandthereasonswhy.Fromthisresearch,Herzbergsuggestedatwo-stepapproachtounderstandingemployeemotivationandsatisfaction:HygieneFactorsHygienefactorsare

2、basedontheneedtoforabusinesstoavoidunpleasantnessatwork.Ifthesefactorsareconsideredinadequatebyemployees,thentheycancausedissatisfactionwithwork.Hygienefactorsinclude:-Companypolicyandadministration-Wages,salariesandotherfinancialremuneration-Qualityofsupervision-Qualityofinter-personalre

3、lations-Workingconditions-FeelingsofjobsecurityMotivatorFactorsMotivatorfactorsarebasedonanindividual'sneedforpersonalgrowth.Whentheyexist,motivatorfactorsactivelycreatejobsatisfaction.Iftheyareeffective,thentheycanmotivateanindividualtoachieveabove-averageperformanceandeffort.Motivatorfa

4、ctorsinclude:-Status-Opportunityforadvancement-Gainingrecognition-Responsibility-Challenging/stimulatingwork-Senseofpersonalachievement&personalgrowthinajobThereissomesimilaritybetweenHerzberg'sandMaslow'smodels.Theybothsuggestthatneedshavetobesatisfiedfortheemployeetobemotivated.However,

5、HerzbergarguesthatonlythehigherlevelsoftheMaslowHierarchy(e.g.self-actualisation,esteemneeds)actasamotivator.Theremainingneedscanonlycausedissatisfactionifnotaddressed.Maslow'shierarchyofneedsMaslow'stheoryconsistedoftwoparts:(1)Theclassificationofhumanneeds(2)Considerationofhowtheclasses

6、arerelatedtoeachotherTheclassesofneedsweresummarisedbyMaslowasfollows:HowdoestheHierarchyWork?-Apersonstartsatthebottomofthehierarchy(pyramid)andwillinitiallyseektosatisfybasicneeds(e.g.food,shelter)-Oncethesephysiologicalneedshavebeensatisfied,theyarenolongeramotivator.theindividualmoves

7、uptothenextlevel-Safetyneedsatworkcouldincludephysicalsafety(e.g.protectiveclothing)aswellasprotectionagainstunemployment,lossofincomethroughsicknessetc)-Socialneedsrecognisethatmostpeoplewanttobelongtoagroup.Thesewouldincludetheneedforloveandbelonging(e.g.workingwi