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1、图式理论和大学英语阅读教学，BartlettiscreditedwithfirstproposingtheconceptofschemainRemembering:AStudyinExperimentalandSocialPsychology.“Tohim,thetermschemareferstoanactiveorganizationofpastreaction,orofpastexperiences,whichmustalwaysbesupposedtobeoperatinginanywell-adopt
2、edorganicresponse.’’[1]Inl970s,Rumelhartexplainedthatthe“schemaisthebuildingblocksofcognition.’，[2]Forexample,thepeopledon?，withthepopularizingofcomputer,thereisadefinitionofcomputerinpeopleeenandtoknowthedifferentkindsofcomputersandthethingsthataresimilarto
3、thecomputerslater.Thatistosay,“schemaisastructureofabstractknowledge;itsummarizesallkindsofknowncaseswhichhasdifferentdetailsandgivestheexpressiontotherelationorallparts.[3]Researchershaveidentifiedseveraltypesofschemata.“Contentschema,whichreferstoareader's
4、backgroundorworldknowledge,providesreaderswithafoundation，，oftenknownastextualschema,refe,andalsoincludetheunderstandingofdifferenttypesoftextswhichusedifferenttextorganization，languagestructures,vocabulary,grammar,levelofformality/，linguisticorlanguageschem
5、aincludethedecodin,maythroughrepeatedexamples，beabletogeneralizeapatternorguessthemeaningofaword,chthesameway”.[4]Fromtheabovediscussionitisevidentthatschemaplayanimportantroleintextcomprehension,bothinthefirstlanguageandthesecondlanguagecontext.“Bottom-up”a
6、nd“Up-down”ModelsTheschematheorysaysthereadingmaterialsdon^ttransmitthemeaningtothereader，buttoguidethereadertoapplytheknownknowledgetorebuildingtheinformation，lethebottomstructurerepresentsthemostspecialdefinition.Accordingtothat,twobasicmodelsofhandlinginf
7、ormationhavedeveloped.“Oneisthebottom-up'thatreliesonthewordinformation;theotheristop-downthatappliesthebackgroundknowledgetounderstandingthewholemeaningofthearticle.’’[5]“bottom-up”iscausedbytheinputdata,it’scalleddata-driven,andthemodelof“叩-down’’iscalledc
8、onceptually-driven.[6]Fonoftwomodorexample,ownthestreeyandrushe“Rumelhartthoughttheapplicatielshappenedatthesametime.Maryheardtheicecreammancomingdet;sherememberedherbirthdaymondintothehouse…Aft
