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1、图式理论和大学英语阅读教学(1)1.Introduction1.1SchemaTheearliestformulationofschemaodernpsychologystudy,BartlettiscreditedainRemembering:AStudyinExperimentalandSocialPsychology.“Tohim,thetermschemareferstoanactiveorganizationofpastreaction,orofpastexperiences,ustalelhartexplainedth
2、atthe“schemaisthebuildingblocksofcognition.”[2]Forexample,thepeopledon’thavethedefinitionofputerbeforeitisinvented.Butnoindthatistheputerschema.Theschemahelpsthepeopletomakeupapictureofputersthathavebeenseenandtoknoilartotheputerslater.Thatistosay,“schemaisastructureo
3、fabstractknomarizesallkindsofknoaTheoryResearchershaveidentifiedseveraltypesofschemata.“Contentschema,alschema,oftenknoa,referstotheorganizationalformsandrhetoricalstructuresofmar,levelofformality/register.Schoolingandcultureplaythelargestroleinprovidingonealschema.ar
4、yheardtheicecreammaningdoemberedherbirthdaymoneyandrushedintothehouse…Afterreadingtheshortstory,manypeoplemusthavethesameprehension:TheshortstoryhappensinahotdayandMarymaybealittlegirl.Sheheardsomebodysellingicecream,becausesheetofetchmoneyinordertobuyicecream.Infact,
5、theshortarticlemaynotexpressthismeaning,butthepeopleactivatetheschemaindandaccordingtotheschematogetthemeaningofthearticle.Ifthenextsentenceis“…andlockedthedoor”,themeaningisdifferent.Itshoashouldbeactivatedtokeepaharmonyrelationshipintheprehensionofthestory.Theneamay
6、be:“Maryisafraidthatherbirthdaymoneyman.”Intheprocessofreading,theinformationisinputcontinuouslyandexchangedaTheoryandReadingprehension“Schematheoryhasitthatanylanguagemayhaveitsmeaningjusta,aseitheroraloreaningitself.”[7]“Readingisaplexprocessofpsycholinguisticguessi
7、nggame.”[8]Onereadingtheorysaysthatthebackgroundofthereaderinresponsetotextualinputisconstructivism.Itsproponentsarguethatknoent,cultureandpurposearethefiveimportantaspectsaboutareaderandhisorherprehensionlevel.Basedonthatofcognitiveschema,thistheorypurportsation,asch
8、emaorknoation.Theseculturalassumptionsonaymakearebasedontheirschemata.aterialsFormalschemaisthebackgroundknoportantforthepeo
