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1、豌豆语法课——虚拟语气豌豆群:7298916虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should,would,might,co
2、uld+havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,wouldmight,could+动词原形二基本的三种情况1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.Ifthereweren
3、oairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg:1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.3、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句:主语+should/could/would/migh
4、t+do从句:①if+主语+weretodo②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/wereeg:1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.3.IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.三、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1.有时,虚拟条件句中
5、,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。eg:IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.。Ifheknew
6、her,hewouldhavegreetedher...2当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。Eg:①Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.②Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.③Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.。3、非真实条件句中的条件从句有
7、时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,butfor…等Eg:Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.4、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,
8、来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你本能通过这次考试的。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是只有我得到