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1、Lesson2Hiroshima---the“Liveliest”CityinJapan(excerpts)I.BackgroundinformationSomeimportantdates1938Munich(慕尼黑)Pact,whichsacrificedCzechoslovakiatoGermanyAug.1939Gr.andUSSRconcludedanon-aggressionpactSept.1,1939HitlerinvadedPoland.FranceandBritaindeclaredwaronGr.immediately
2、,officiallybeginningWorldWarII.Atthesametime,USSRannexedLithuania(立陶宛),Latvia(拉脱维亚)andEstonia(爱沙尼亚).Jun.22,1941Gr.invadedUSSRDec.7,1941JapanattackedPearlHarbor,bringingtheUSintothewarSept.1943ItalysurrenderedMay.7,1945Gr.surrenderedunconditionallyAug.6,1945thefirstA-bombex
3、plodedinHiroshimaAug.8,1945USSRdeclaredwaronJapanandoccupiedManchuria(满洲:东北的旧称)Aug.9,1945thedroppingofthesecondA-bombonNagasaki(长崎)Aug.14,1945JapanannounceditssurrenderAtomicBombtheexplosionproducesgreatamountsofheat,ashockwaveandintenseradiation.Theregionoftheexplosionbec
4、omesradioactivelycontaminatedandradioactiveproductsmaybedepositedelsewhereasfallout.BombardmentofHiroshimaplayaclipofvideoAt8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945,byorderofPresidentTruman,thefirstAtomicbomb,nicknamedLittleBoywasexplodedoverapointnearthecentreofHiroshima,destroyingalmostev
5、erythingwitharadiusof830-1,450meters.Thedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable,andover71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Casualtiesnumberednearly130,000.Survivorsarestilldyingofleukaemia(白血球过多症(白血病,血癌),perniciousanaemia(贫血,贫血症)
6、andotherdiseasesinducedbyradiation.Almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.Post-warHiroshimaTheJapanesededicatedpost-warHiroshimatopeace.Adestroyedareanamed"PeaceCity"hasbeensetasideasamemorial.APeaceParkwasbuilt.Aspecialhospitalbuiltheretreatspeoplesuffering
7、fromexposuretoradiationandconductsresearchintoitseffects.AtomicBombDomeinPeaceMemorialPark,Hiroshima.Cenotaph(纪念碑)inPeaceMemorialPark,Hiroshima,Japan.AtomicBombDomeisvisiblethroughthearch.PsychologicalbackgroundBeliefsrootedintheJudeo-Christiantraditiondictatethatonceoneco
8、mmitsacrime,onemustbeartheconsequencesforitaslongasonelives.Orientalteachers,ontheotherha
