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1、TCMTranslationTheory中医英语翻译理论1中医翻译概论1.1仿造翻译SL的無等值词汇時，用TL中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分(词素/词)借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血liverblood血虚blooddeficiency活血化瘀activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation1中医翻译概论1.1仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。Following(thelawof)yinandyangensureslife,whileviol
2、atingitleadstodeath.阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold.1中医翻译概论1.2定义化中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns虚脹Flatulenceduetoyang-deficiencyofthespleenandkid
3、ney1中医翻译概论1.2定义化缺点简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则和语境难以配合有碍中医术语英译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation(Li)identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment(Wiseman)虚胀deficiency-flatulencevacuitydistension1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义(一词多义polysemy)同一概念也可用不同术语
4、表达(同义词synonymy)虚asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction……1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化脾虚astheniaofthespleen(Li)spleenvacuity(Wiseman)spleendeficiency(WHOdraft)*脾虚水泛hypofunctionofthespleen*(Li)体虚weakness/debility1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化必須考虑语境a)肾藏精，精舍志。「精」指精气Th
5、ekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities.b)精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2時自下。「精1」指「肾精」；「精2」指「精液」Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswellascoldsensationinthelimbs,whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission.1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化(續)必須考虑语境c)脈理精
6、微，其体难辨。「精」指「精深」Thetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate.1中医翻译概论1.4拼音化當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译气Vitalenergy*Qi动笔！whichterm(s)shouldbephoneticallytranscribed?四气五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes(Li)fournaturesandfiveflavors(Wiseman
7、)滋阴降火nourishingyintoreducefireenrichingyinanddownbearingfire2中医翻译的困难2.1词汇缺口(lexicalgap)翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好五行fiveelements,fivephases,wuxing命門gateoflife,vitalgate,vitaport,mingmen三焦threewarmers,tripleburners,threeheaters,tripleenergizers,sanjiao五脏fivesolidorgans,five
8、bowels,fivezang-organs,fivezang-visceras,wuzang2中医翻译的困难2.2理解偏差历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难失笑散PowderforLostSmiles*SuddenSmilePowder黃帝內经YellowEmperor’sInternalMedicine*(Huangdi’s)CanonofMedicineHuangdi
