3中医英语翻译概论

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1、TCMTranslationTheory中医英语翻译理论1中医翻译概论¢1.1仿造–翻译SL的無等值词汇時，用TL中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分(词素/词)–借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念•肝血liverblood•血虚blooddeficiency•活血化瘀activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation1中医翻译概论¢1.1仿造–句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法•從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。–Following(thelawof)yinandyangen

2、sureslife,whileviolatingitleadstodeath.•阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。–Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold.11中医翻译概论¢1.2定义化–中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚–翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行•辨证论治–diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns•虚脹–Flatulenc

3、eduetoyang-deficiencyofthespleenandkidney1中医翻译概论¢1.2定义化–缺点•简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则•和语境难以配合•有碍中医术语英译迈向规范–简化处理•辨证论治–treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation(Li)–identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment(Wiseman)•虚胀–deficiency-flatulence–vacuitydistension

4、1中医翻译概论¢1.3词义分化–同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义(一词多义polysemy)–同一概念也可用不同术语表达(同义词synonymy)•虚•asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction……21中医翻译概论¢1.3词义分化–脾虚•astheniaofthespleen(Li)•spleenvacuity(Wiseman)•spleendeficiency(WHOdraft)*–脾虚水泛•hypo

5、functionofthespleen*(Li)–体虚•weakness/debility1中医翻译概论¢1.3词义分化–必須考虑语境•a)肾藏精，精舍志。–「精」指精气–Thekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities.•b)精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2時自下。–「精1」指「肾精」；「精2」指「精液」–Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswella

6、scoldsensationinthelimbs,whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission.1中医翻译概论¢1.3词义分化(續)–必須考虑语境•c)脈理精微，其体难辨。–「精」指「精深」–Thetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate.31中医翻译概论¢1.4拼音化–當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译•气–Vitalenerg

7、y*–Qi–动笔！whichterm(s)shouldbephoneticallytranscribed?•四气五味–fourpropertiesandfivetastes(Li)–fournaturesandfiveflavors(Wiseman)•滋阴降火–nourishingyintoreducefire–enrichingyinanddownbearingfire2中医翻译的困难¢2.1词汇缺口(lexicalgap)–翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好•五行–fiveelements,five

8、phases,wuxing•命門–gateoflife,vitalgate,vitaport,mingmen•三焦–threewarmers,tripleburners,threeheaters,tripleenergizers,sanjiao•五脏–fivesolidorgans,fivebowels,fivezang-organs,fivezang-visceras,wuzang2中医翻译的困难¢2.2理解偏差–历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难•失笑散–PowderforLostSmiles