试论小学生学习习惯的发展特点及其培养

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1、自考本科毕业论文考籍号:010409101079姓名:万燕题目:试论小学生学习习惯的发展特点及其培养指导教师:谢娟专业:小学教育（本科）联系电话:18674878428地址:湖南省长沙宁乡县夏铎铺镇原12中学邮编:410604QQ号:315362616二O一二年三月论文目录摘要······························································1一、学习习惯······················································1（一）学习习惯论述···

2、·············································1（二）学习习惯的基本特点··········································1二、小学生学习习惯的特点··········································2（一）小学生在学习过程上缺乏稳定性、系统性和自觉性·····························································2（二）小学生学习计划上缺乏持久性、自觉性和目的性········

3、·····················································3（三）学习态度导致学习习惯呈多样化，学习兴趣使学习习惯呈两极化·····························································3三、怎样培养小学生良好的学习习惯···································4（一）计划与行为要一致的习惯······································5（二）自觉遵守课堂纪律，专心听讲、积极开动脑筋

4、的习惯·····························································5（三）及时复习、认真完成作业的习惯································6（四）归纳总结的习惯··············································6（五）肯钻研、不怕困难的习惯······································7四、总述··············································

5、·············7参考文献···························································8论小学生学习习惯发展的有关因素及其培养摘要：习惯成自然。著名教育家叶圣陶曾明确指出:“什么是教育?一句话,就是要养成良好的学习习惯[1]。”小学生学习习惯主要表现在：小学生在学习过程上缺乏稳定性、系统性和自觉性；小学生学习计划上缺乏持久性、自觉性和目的性；学习态度导致学习习惯呈多样化，学习兴趣使学习习惯呈两极化。同时针对于上述学习习惯对小学生提出如何养成良好的学习习惯提出了相关建议：第一，计

6、划与行为要一致的习惯。第二，自觉遵守课堂纪律，专心听讲、积极开动脑筋的习惯。第三，及时复习、认真完成作业的习惯。第四，归纳总结的习惯。第五，肯钻研、不怕困难的习惯。一个好的学习习惯要根据小学生的身心发展特点以及个性差异性来进行培养。关键词：小学生学习习惯特点培养一、学习习惯（一）学习习惯论述所谓的学习习惯，是指学生在学习过程中经常使用或表现出来的稳定的、固定化的应对与反应模式，是一些具体的学习行为或偶然表现经重复和强化而形成的概括化、定势化的行为倾向，这些习惯使我们在类似的学习情境中，以某种大致固定的方法、手段、态度、程序来应对和解决问题[2]

7、。叶圣陶先生说:“教育是什么,往单方面讲,只需一句话,就是要培养良好的习惯。”（二）学习习惯基本特点1、后天性。是一种经过后天多次强化训练而形成的自觉、稳定和持久的行为倾向,是一种后天获得的条件反射。2、指向性。要养成良好的学习习惯,就必须使学生有指向性去培养学习应该所具体的具有高效能的行为，在活动中反复强化训练使之逐渐趋于自动化。3、普遍性。某种学习习惯一旦养成后，都能很自然的将这种学习习惯应用在相似的情境之中，有助于解决相似问题或者迁移到相关联的问题中去。4、内隐性。学习习惯形成也是有一个心理特质过程，久而久之形成了个性的心理特质。它是人的

8、内在心理特质通过外在行为而体现出来。5、稳固性。学习习惯形成以后,能够根据之前的经验泛化到相似的情境里，当困难加强时会自觉地去克服，而且能够持久的保持