英语句子成分及基本结构

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1、英语句子成分及基本结构（一）句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。（二）句子的具体成分主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。1Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3One-t

2、hirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）4Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）6Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）7WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）8Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语(

3、predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。

4、OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisth

5、athehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语(object)宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednot

6、toseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语补足语(complementofobject)英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirb

7、oatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词

8、）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）Hisrapidp