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时间:2020-06-16
《英语句子成分及基本结构课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在PPT专区-天天文库。
1、英语句子成分及基本结构(一)句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。(二)句子的具体成分主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。1Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)2WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)3One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclas
2、saregirls.(数词)4Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)5Smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.(动名词)6Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)7WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)8Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成
3、如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Th
4、espeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)宾语(object)宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.(名词
5、)Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)宾语补足语(complementofobject)英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外
6、,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefreshairin.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewillsoo
7、nmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Englishspokeninothercountriesisdifferentfromours.Our
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