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1、TrainingcourseforStructuralFundsmanagers:CompatibilityofaidUdoRudolphInvestitionsBankdesLandesBrandenburgBusinessClientsDepartmentStructureofArticle87ECArt.87(1):generalprohibition ofStateaidArt.87(2)and(3):exemptionsfrom generalprohibitionArt.87(2)ECTreatyautomati
2、ccompatibility(butStateaidinthemeaningofArt.87(1))mustneverthelessbenotifiedCommissionassessescompatibilitystandstillclauseofArt.3ProceduralRegulationappliesArticle87(2)(a):Aidhavingasocialcharacter,grantedtoindividualconsumers,withoutdiscriminationrelatedtotheorig
3、inoftheproductsconcernedgrantedtoindividualconsumers,notenterprisesbutatthesametime,indirectaidtoenterprisesArticle87(2)(a):Examples:-taxrelieftoconsumerspurchasingcarsfittedwithpollutionreductiondevices-foodaid:statepurchasesfoodfromindividualcompaniesinordertodis
4、tributeitbelowpricetoindividualsinneed-subsidisedflightticketsforcertaincategoriesofpassengersoncertainroutes(e.g.N638and639/2000,N24/2000)Article87(2)(b)Aidtomakegoodthedamagecausedbynaturaldisastersorexceptionaloccurrencesaidmustnotexceedwhatisnecessarytocompensa
5、teforlossordamagesufferedshouldmakegooddirectdamage,notencourageindustrialdevelopmentofaffectedareas(->Art.87(3)(c);cf.EJCC-364/90,Italyv.COM,1993I-2097(2124))Article87(2)(b)naturaldisasters:floods,earthquakes,etc.Narrowinterpretation,esp.normalrisksinagricultureno
6、tcovered (e.g.floodofsummer2002,N554/2002,DE)exceptionaloccurrences:war,industrialaccidentsoflargescope,pollutionofrivers. Orientation:normallynotinsurablerisks. Notcovered:consequencesofstrike.PreventivemeasuresArticle87(2)(b)Examples:compensationofairlinesfollowi
7、ngtheterroristattacksof11Sept.2001(bothconcerningclosureofairports(N806/01-F,N854/01UK269/02DE),andstateinsuranceguarantees(NN34/02IR,NN43/02UK),basedonCOMcommunicationsof10.10.2001,COM(2001)574final,andof2.7.2002,COM(2002)320final.BSE:N249/91,N664/01,N411/01;also:
8、N770/99,BE,crisedeladioxineArticle87(2)(c)AidgrantedtocompensatefordisadvantagescausedbythedivisionofGermanyofimportancebeforereunificationafterr
