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1、附录Ⅱ英文翻译:BEAMBRIDGEIndesigningabridge,preferenceisoftengiventobeamstructure,unlessithasaverylongspan.Simpleinstructure,convenienttofabricateanderect,easytomaintain,andwithlessconstructiontimeandlowcost,beamstructurehasfoundwideapplicationinbridgework.In1937,over
2、theQiantangRiver,inthecityofHangzhou,waserectedarailway-highwaybi-purposebridge,withatotallengthof1453m,thelongestspanbeing67m.Whencompleted,itwasaremarkablemilestoneofthebeambridgesdesignedandbuiltbyChineseengineersthemselvesbeforeliberation.Since1949,thiskind
3、ofbridgehasmadegiantstrides.Reinforcedconcretebeamstructureisthemostcommonlyusedforshort-andmedium-spanbridges.ArepresentativemasterpieceistheRongJiangBridgecompletedin1964inthecityofNanning,theprovincialcapitalofGuangxiZhuangzuAutonomousRegion.Thebridge,witham
4、ainspanof55manditscrosssectionofathin-walledboxwithcontinuouscells,wasdesignedinaccordancewithclosedthin-walledmembertheory,thefirstofitskindinChina.Pre-stressedconcretegirderbridgescoverawiderangeofspansandtypes.Intheshortspanrange,pre-castAASHTObeamswithacomp
5、ositecast-in-placenonpre-stressedconcreteslabarefrequentlyusedforsimplespans.AsimilarformofconstructionisusedforpartiallycontinuousspansusingI-girdersandboxgirderinthemediumspanrange.Inthemediumtolongspanrange,continuouspre-castsegmentalboxgirdersarecommon,whil
6、ethelongestspansaregenerallycast-in-placesegmentalboxgirders.Forcost-in-placeconstruction,thegirdersandslabaregenerallyformedtogetherandbothcastbeforeformworkandsupportsareremoved.Thisconstructionisfullycompositefordeadloadandliveload.TheusualcrosssectionsareT-
7、beamsandboxgirders.Spansareusuallycontinuous,andtransversepost-tensioningoftheslabisfrequentlyprescribedtoallowtheuseofthinnerslabsorareducednumberoflongitudinalgirdersatalargerspacing.Sincelongitudinalpost-tensioningisrequiredonsite,transversepost-tensioningis
8、usuallyeconomicalandnormallyused.Thedesignandanalysisitemsgivenforreinforcedconcretegirderbridgesalsoapplytopre-stressedgirderbridges.Fortheboxgirdersection,adetailedtransve