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1、附录1DriveAxleAllvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad.Thedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Theflowofpowerinconvention
2、alfrontengine/rearwheeldrivevehiclesmovesfromtheenginetothedriveaxleinapproximatelyastraightline.However,atthedriveaxle,thepowermustbeturnedatrightangles(fromthelineofthedriveshaft)anddirectedtothedrivewheels.Thisisaccomplishedbyapiniondrivegear,whichturnsacircularringgear.The
3、ringgearisattachedtoadifferentialhousing,containingasetofsmallergearsthataresplinedtotheinnerendofeachaxleshaft.Asthehousingisrotated,theinternaldifferentialgearsturntheaxleshafts,whicharealsoattachedtothedrivewheels.Thedifferentialisanarrangementofgearswithtwofunctions:toperm
4、ittherearwheelstoturnatdifferentspeedswhencorneringandtodividethepowerflowbetweenbothrearwheels.(1)Theaccompanyingillustrationhasbeenprovidedtohelpunderstandhowthisoccurs.Thedrivepinion,whichisturnedbythedriveshaft,turnstheringgear.(2)Theringgear,whichisattachedtothedifferenti
5、alcase,turnsthecase.(3)Thepinionshaft,locatedinaboreinthedifferentialcase,isatrightanglestotheaxleshaftsandturnswiththecase.(4)Thedifferentialpinion(drive)gearsaremountedonthepinionshaftandrotatewiththeshaft.(5)Differentialsidegears(drivengears)aremeshedwiththepiniongearsandtu
6、rnwiththedifferentialhousingandringgearasaunit.(6)Thesidegearsaresplinedtotheinnerendsoftheaxleshaftsandrotatetheshaftsasthehousingturns.(7)Whenbothwheelshaveequaltraction,thepiniongearsdonotrotateonthepinionshaft,sincetheinputforceofthepiniongearsisdividedequallybetweenthetwo
7、sidegears.(8)Whenitisnecessarytoturnacorner,thedifferentialgearingbecomeseffectiveandallowstheaxleshaftstorotateatdifferentspeeds.Astheinnerwheelslowsdown,thesidegearsplinedtotheinnerwheelaxleshaftalsoslows.Thepiniongearsactasbalancingleversbymaintainingequaltoothloadstobothge
8、ars,whileallowingunequalspeedsofrotationattheaxleshafts.Ifthe
