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1、附录1DriveAxleAllvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad.Thedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Thefl
2、owofpowerinconventionalfrontengine/rearwheeldrivevehiclesmovesfromtheenginetothedriveaxleinapproximatelyastraightline.However,atthedriveaxle,thepowermustbeturnedatrightangles(fromthelineofthedriveshaft)anddirectedtothedrivewheels.Thisisaccomplishedbyapinio
3、ndrivegear,whichturnsacircularringgear.Theringgearisattachedtoadifferentialhousing,containingasetofsmallergearsthataresplinedtotheinnerendofeachaxleshaft.Asthehousingisrotated,theinternaldifferentialgearsturntheaxleshafts,whicharealsoattachedtothedrivewhee
4、ls.Thedifferentialisanarrangementofgearswithtwofunctions:topermittherearwheelstoturnatdifferentspeedswhencorneringandtodividethepowerflowbetweenbothrearwheels.(1)Theaccompanyingillustrationhasbeenprovidedtohelpunderstandhowthisoccurs.Thedrivepinion,whichis
5、turnedbythedriveshaft,turnstheringgear.(2)Theringgear,whichisattachedtothedifferentialcase,turnsthecase.(3)Thepinionshaft,locatedinaboreinthedifferentialcase,isatrightanglestotheaxleshaftsandturnswiththecase.(4)Thedifferentialpinion(drive)gearsaremountedon
6、thepinionshaftandrotatewiththeshaft.(5)Differentialsidegears(drivengears)aremeshedwiththepiniongearsandturnwiththedifferentialhousingandringgearasaunit.(6)Thesidegearsaresplinedtotheinnerendsoftheaxleshaftsandrotatetheshaftsasthehousingturns.(7)Whenbothwhe
7、elshaveequaltraction,thepiniongearsdonotrotateonthepinionshaft,sincetheinputforceofthepiniongearsisdividedequallybetweenthetwosidegears.(8)Whenitisnecessarytoturnacorner,thedifferentialgearingbecomeseffectiveandallowstheaxleshaftstorotateatdifferentspeeds.
8、Astheinnerwheelslowsdown,thesidegearsplinedtotheinnerwheelaxleshaftalsoslows.Thepiniongearsactasbalancingleversbymaintainingequaltoothloadstobothgears,whileallowingunequalspeedsofrotationattheaxleshafts.Ifthe
