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ID:22711805
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时间:2018-10-31
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1、大连交通大学2008届本科毕业设计外文翻译外文原文TheDieselEngineIn1892RudolfDieseldevelopedandobtainedtheGermanpatentforthedieselengine.Hisgoalwastocreateanenginethatwashighlyefficient.Muchmoreefficientthanthegasolineenginethatwasinventedin1876andwasnotveryefficientatall,especiallyat
2、thatpointintime.Therearetwomaindifferencesbetweenadieselengineandagasolineengine:(1)Agasolineengineintakesamixtureofgasandair,compressesitandignitesthemixturewithaspark.Adieselenginetakesinjustair,compressesitandtheninjectsfuelintothecompressedair.Theheatofthe
3、compressedairlightsthefuelspontaneously.(2)Agasolineenginecompressesataratioof8:1to12:1,whileadieselenginecompressesataratioof14:1toashighas25:1.Thehighercompressionratioofthedieselengineleadstobetterefficiency.Gasolineenginesuseeitheracarburetororafuelinjecti
4、onsystemtodeliverthefueltothecylinder.Withacarburetorthefuelismixedasitenterstheintakemanifold,longbeforeitgetstothecylinders.Inafuelinjectionsystemthefuelisinjectedjustbeforetheintakestrokeattheintakevalve.Dieselenginesusedirectfuelinjection(DI),thatistosayth
5、edieselfuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinder.Thedieselenginehasnosparkplugs.Theairittakesiniscompressedandthefuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinderwheretheheatcausedbytheaircompressionignitesthefuel.Intheolddaysthismeantthatitexplodedandexpandedveryquickly,maki
6、nganoisyengine.ThisiswhymostdieselcarswereIDI(indirectinjection);theroughbehaviorwasfixedbyinjectingthefuelintoasmallpre-combustionchamberthatisconnectedtothecylinderbyanarrowpassage.Thisslowsdowntheexplosion,asthegasseshavetoescapefromthroughthenarrowpassagei
7、ntothecylinder.Thisgivesasofterbangandasmootherengine,butthegasseshavetoworkharder,whichlowerstheefficiencyalittle.HoweverthenewerbreedofDIenginesuseothertechniquestotamethebehavioroftheengine,suchastwostageinjection,electroniccontrol.Theinjectoronadieselengin
8、eisitsmostcomplexcomponentandhasbeenthesubjectofagreatdealofdevelopmentandinnovation.Onanyspecificengineitmaybelocatedinavarietyofplaces.Theinjectorhastobeabletowithstandthetempera
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