中美大学生英语书面语情态动词使用特征对比研究

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1、ListofTables3.1SomeparametersaboutLOCNESSandWECCL213.2Contingencytableforcalculatinglog-likelihoodvalue284.1OverallfrequenciesofmodalverbsinLOCNESSandWECCL304.2Semanticsubgroupsofmust314.3Personofsubjectswithdeonticmust344.4CombinationsofmustwithIthink,Isay,admitinBNC364.5Collo

2、cationsofcanonewordtoitsleft434.6Collocationsofcanonewordtoitsright444.7NormalizedfrequenciesofnegationformsofcaninBNC464.8Syntacticfeaturesofmay484.9Mostfrequentlyusedsubjectswithwill544.10Distributionofyouwill/’llseeinBNC574.11Frequenciesofharmoniccombinationswithwill574.12Co

3、llocationswithwouldonewordtoitsright614.13Collocationsonewordtotheleftofmodalverbs654.14Collocationsonewordtotherightofmodalverbs66万方数据ListofFigures3.1GradientmodelinanalyzingmodalverbsbyCoates54.1AtestsentencerunforCLAWS244.2ResultsofsearchentryforwillinWordSmithTool4.0254.3Co

4、llocatesofwillwithaspanoffivewordstoeachside264.4ApplicationofregularexpressioninAntConc27万方数据Chapter1IntroductionModalityhasbeenadifficultareafortheEnglishsecondlanguagelearnerstograsp(Holmes1983;Hyland1997).Thisdifficultymayarisefromthemutisensesofmodalverbs,whichallowdiffere

5、ntcategoriesofmeaningassociatedwithasinglemodalandasinglemeaninglinkedwithavarietyofwordforms(Coates1983:26).ItcouldbealsoattributedtotheinfluenceofL1ofsecondlanguagelearners,especiallytheculturalandsocialpresuppositionsrootedintheL2learners’percepts(Hinkel1995)ortheorderofacqu

6、isitiondevelopmentandthesecondlanguageteachingmaterials(Holmes1983;Liang2008).Inordertofindthedisparitiesexistingbetweennativespeakers(NSs)andnon-nativespeakers(NNSs)intheuseofmodalverbs,corpus-basedstudiesseemtobeappropriatebecauselarge-scalehomogeneouslearnerdatacanbecollecte

7、dandtheunderuse/overuseofmodalexpressionscanbeidentifiedwiththewholeproceduresreplicablebyotherresearcherstoverifytheresults.Theideaoflearner-corporabasedstudywasfirstputforwardbyGranger(1996)andtakenfurtherbyKennedy(1998),McEneryandWilson(2001),Hunston(2002)andMcEnery,XiaoandT

8、ono(2005).AccordingtoGranger(1996:43),thiscorpora-base