the_culture_harmony_and_conflicts_between_china_and_western_world_in_the_movie

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ChengduInstituteSichuanInternationalStudiesUniversity本科毕业论文题目(中文)电影功夫熊猫中的中西文化交流与冲突(外文)TheCultureHarmonyandConflictsBetweenChinaandWesternWorldIntheMovie“KungFuPanda”系别英语旅游系专业英语年级2005级学生姓名杨仲华指导教师陈晶泉结稿日期___________________________四川外语学院成都学院教务处制年月日填 ThecultureharmonyandconflictsbetweenChinaandWesternworldinthemovieKungFuPandaThesisstatement:ThisthesisshowstheculturegapbetweenChinaandWesternworldinthemovieKungFuPanda.AbstractThemovieKungFuPandawasreleasedin2008,andPeoplepasseddifferentjudgmentsonit.Itseemsthattherearemanychina-stylecartoonmoviesmadebywesterners,theyhavemademanyeffortstotrytocontactwithoureasternculture.Ofcourse,therearemanymisunderstandingintheir“efforts”,that’sonlynormalthing,becausetheyhavedifferentcolor,language,customsfromus.Butsomepeopledon’tthinkso,theythinkthismoviewrestedtheChinesetraditionalcultureoutofitstruemeaning.That’swhyIwanttowritethisthesistomakepeoplerightlyappreciatetheeffortsthismoviemade.Therearestillsomepleasantaspectsinthismovie,whicharemuchbetterthantheformerchina-stylecartoonmoviesmadebywesterners.Mythesiswilldepartintotwoparts.Oneistheharmonyparts,whichstandsforthewesterner’svalueiscompatiblewithours;anotheristheconflictparts,whichstandsforthevaluewedon’tagreewiththewesterner’s.Boththetwopartswillbefoundinthemovie.Keywords:CultureGap,Misunderstanding,self-identity摘要 电影《功夫熊猫》于2008年上映，对于它的评论大家众说纷纭。之前已经有很多部中国题材的西方卡通，他们都不遗余力的与接近中国文化。当然，这里面也有很多的误解，但这是很正常的，因为他们跟我们有不一样的肤色、语言和习惯。但也有人不以为然，他们觉得西方人的电影把我们中国传统文化歪曲了，这就是为什么我要写这篇论文来让人们正确认识《功夫熊猫》做的贡献，这里面有很多之前的电影所不具备的闪光点。我的论文分为两部分，第一部分是融合部分，就是这部电影中西方价值观于中国价值观相兼容的部分；第二部分是冲突部分，也就是我们所不能理解的影片中的西方文化。所有的观点完全来自《功夫熊猫》。关键词：文化差距，误解，认同OutlineAbstractI.IntroductionA.TheHistoryof“AmericanmadeChinesecartoon”andexamplesB.ThebasicinformationofKungFuPandaanddifferencebetweenhisformermoviesIIThe“conflicts”partsinthismovie1.ThemysteryofPo’sparentage.2.DifferencebetweenChinesewarriorandWesternwarrior3.ThedifferenceconcepttoheroⅢThe“harmony”partsinthismovie1.TheChineseelementsinthemovie2.TheChinesestylelinescharacterssaid3.ThecharactersandplotsdesignthrowoutChinesecharacteristic.4.IdentifywiththeChineseDragonⅣConclusionIllustratethismoviehaveagreatsuccessinbringingwesternandeasternculturemuchclose. I.IntroductionThemovieKungFuPandawhichwaspopularwithChinesepeopleinthesummerof2008justlikethe“OldBeijingchickenmeatroll”:althoughitwasgivenaChinesename,peoplecanrealizeeasilyitwasnotproducedbyChinesepeople.Thereweremanywesternmovieslikethat.HuaMulan1wasoneofthem.ItdescribedAyounggirl,HuaMuLan(AnitaYuen)decidestopretendtobeamaninordertostophersicklyoldfatherfrombeingcalledupforthearmy.ShefoolseveryonebutendsupwithmorethanshebargainedforwhenshefallsforoneoftheyounggeneralsLiLeung(VincentZhao),however,itpraisednotthefeminisminthestory,butmadeaquietdigattheChinesetraditionalcultureofMan’ssuperiority.Fromthispoint,themovieHuaMulanisjustonlyamovieofChinesestylemadebyAmerican,itwasbeengivenawkwardexpressionstoexpressAmericanvalues.Incontrast,themovieKungFuPandahavegreatdifferencewithHuaMulan,I’dliketoextolitasthemostsincereforeignmoviesofar.FromChinesebrushdrawingpicturesandChinesestylelines,tothearrangingforplotandrolesaredefinitelyconnectedtoChinesetraditionalculture.Allofthismadeusfeelthatthismovieisnotasimplecommercialmovie.Forexample,therewasasceneisthatPoandMasterXiFumadeasnatchatasteamedstuffedbun.Itisanatureendthatthesteamedstuffedbuncouldfalltotheground,butitdidn’thappen.Why?DirectorMarkOsborne2saidthat,“Weknowmanypeopleinchinaaresufferinghunger,wedothisjusttocaterfortheChinesetraditionalvalue:tosavefood.”3Alsothereismuchwesternvalueinthismovie,however,wecan’tneglectthecontributionthismoviemadetobringthewesternandeasternculturemoreclosely.Sowewilltalkabouttheculturesimilarityanddifferencebetweenchinaandwesternworldthroughthismovieintwoparts:1)Similarity—theharmonypartsbetweenthetwocultures.2)Difference—theconflictspartsbetweenthetwocultures. IIThe“conflicts”partsinthismovieAlthoughthismovieiscarefullymadebytheChinese-handdirector,therearestillmanyideaswedonotrelateto.Wehavetoadmitthecultureshock.Afterwerealizedthedifferencebetweeneasternandwesternculture,wecantryourbesttomaximizefavorablefactorsandminimizeunfavorableones.SoIwillintroducesome“conflict”partswhichChinesepeoplethinkdifferentwithwesternersinthemovie.1)ThemysteryofPo’sparentage.InChinesetraditionalculturevaluesystem,dragonborndragonchickenbornchickenmouse'ssoncanmakehole.WhyPo’sfatherisagoose?OnetheoryholdsthatPo’sfatherisn’thisbirthfather.Hisfather,agoose,everynightdreamedhowtomakenoodles;Po,apanda,everynightdreamedhowtousekungfutobeatbadgays.Theyaretwotypesanimal,havedifferentdreams.MaybePoisthegoose’sadoptedson.Anothertheoryisthatwesternsocietytreatgooseasasymboloffool.Inthismovie,Po’sfatherisanormalperson,evenalittlebitmediocre.GooseisabestsymboltorepresentPo’sfatherinthismovie.2)DifferencebetweenChinesewarriorandWesternwarrior.Attheendofthemovie,PobeatTaiLangbyhisstrength.Thisisatypicalwesternherostory.Westernstyleheroesalwaysbeattheirenemybysuperpower,likePo,hispowerisbiggerthanTaiLang.Westernsocietyplacedgreatemphasisontheirindividualism,theybelieveindividualmaygrowupbyhisinsidepower.Oncehefoundawaytorealizehispotentials,hewillbecome asuperhero.Pojustlikethat.Heisanormalpersonwhenhedidnotfindhispotential.Afterhisfathersaid“youjustbelieveitspecial,itbecomespecial”,heachievedsupremeenlightenmentandfoundhisbigpowerinhisbody.Thisisdifference.Chinesewarrioralwayshasthreequalities:humane,affection,loyalty.Forexample,YueFei4isafamousheroinChinesehistory,heisfamousforhisloyalty;HumaneisthecoreofConfucianism,whichstandsforgoodmorality.IntheoldChinesenovel“TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms”5,Liubei,guanyu,zhangfeitooktheoathoffidelityinapeachorchard,theytreateachotherasbrother,andletpeoplerememberedtheiraffections.1)Thedifferenceconcepttohero.InthesamewithWest,theheroofChinawasborninthechaoticperiod,panguopendays,KuaFu,Sandenebolalegendsarefullofromanticheroism.Inthelongyears,frompoetrytodrama,fromraptothenovels,countlessheroesandheroictimes,generationaftergenerationhasbecomefamiliarwiththeterm.However,duetothebreedingofdifferentculturalsoil,andforeignheroeshavesignificantculturaldifferences.WenotethatthePo’sisaveryordinarylittleman,thoughfortheaccidenttobecomecandidateSHENLONGheroes,butheisinfactaresultoftheelectionceremony.Inotherwords,althoughhewillbedestinedtobecomeahero,butintheprocessofthebirthoftheruleshavetoshowequality.ThisisaclassicparadoxofWesternlogic,advocatingthateveryonehastheopportunitytobecomeheroes,butheroes,theyarepredestined.80sessionswasthefirstOscarforbestanimatedfeaturefilmaward"Ratatouille"6hasasimilarsum:Whilethestoriesare"everyonecandodishes,"butwestillseethatithasacookingHighlightsmiceratherthanratsinanyofafamily,butmosthaveanaturaltaste.Then,intheenditssuccessisitsqualityorfilmwealladvocatedthespiritofcookingcanbedonetoit?ClassicalChinesemartialartsthereisnosuchadvocatetheconceptofequalityandfairness,noteveryoneinChinacanbecomeaherobecausetheyareoftenthebeginningof therelationshipbetweenthebloodisbydefault.RuiXuLiangandBaiYun,whoisafiveifitisnotjustthesonofXuQingandBaiYutangsimplywouldnothaveteacherstoteachtheirskills,thisisthe“RomanceofLoyalandGallantMen”,therulesofasubmarine,butalsoalotofmartialartsnovelsofancientChinatheunspokenrulesincommon.HerointheWesternculture,"anactofGod"areoftentheantithesisoftheheroicstand,theherowillfighttirelesslythroughitsenergytochallengefate,suchastheGreekepichasalwaysbeenunabletoextricateitselffromtheOedipuscomplex,PrometheushoveredintheupperreachesoftheMiddleAgesinEnglandandcommunitykeptitsownchallenges,suchasthefateofRobinHood.InChina,"anactofGod"isoftenreducedinpeopleandthings,theherois“Itseemsthenaturalthingtodo"toacttosavethepeoplefromcatastrophe.SunWukonglearntofollowtheprovidencetoconvoyTang,theherooftheWaterMarginonlyanti-herorebelofficials,notanti-king,becausetheemperorwas"SonofHeaven"istherepresentativeofGod.Thesamefatalism,thefateofheroesinfulloftheindomitableagainstfate;buttheheroofChinaendowsspecialcompromiseandflexibilityforfate.Theheroiccultureisromantic,exaggerate,butalsotheshadowofreality.ChinaandtheWesthavesuchadifferencebetweenproperhistoryandsocialinavividmanifestation.Ⅲ.The“harmony”partsinthismovieAllthepeoplewatchedthemovieKungFuPandawillregarditasaChinesecartoonmovie.Why?Theproducerofthismoviedidnotuseself-righteouswayofinherentthinkingtothedefinitionofChineseculture,includingkungfuandChinesePandas,buttheyhavebeenhardtostudyChinesecultureinordertoshowtheworldtherealityoftheChineseculture,notlikethemovie“HuaMuLan”.ItissaidthatthedirectorofthismovieisanabsoluteChineseFan.HenotonlylikestheChineseculture,butalsolikes Chinesetraditionalcartoonmovies,suchas“MakingHavocinHeaven”7,“NezhaStirsUptheSea”8.SoitisonlyrightandpropertoseethatthemovieisfullofthesmellsofChina.SoIwillgiveyousomeexamplesofthesmellsofchina.1)TheChineseelementsinthemovie.ThetrolleywhichPousedtosellnoodles,thefourmansedanchairintheHePingvillage,thefirecrackersandTempleFair,eventhehabitsofthevillagersissimilartoours:usechopstickstoeatsteamedstuffedbunandnoodles.Thenwetalkaboutthearchitecturalstyle.TherearetoomanyChineseelements:cornicesandbucketarches,redwallsandgreentiles.Inthetemple,therearemanyChineselandscapepaintingsandfinechina.Moreover,thenamesofthecharactersareveryinteresting.ThepronunciationofPoissimilarwiththepronunciationof“Bao”;MasterShiFuissimilarwiththepronunciationof“ShiFu”,andMasteroogwayjustlikethepronunciationof“WuGui”andsoon...ThemoviealsousedtheChinesestylebackgroundmusic,suchasso-na,urheen,zither,xylophone,andreed.ItisuncommontoseesomanyChineseelementscontainmanyaspectsinamovie.2)TheChinesestylelinescharacterssaid.MostoftheirlinesarefullofChanverses.Forexample,theMasteroogwaysaidthat,“therearenoaccidents”,whichhavethesamemeaningwiththeBuddhismclassics:causeandeffect.WeChineseallknowsthatourtraditionalculturecloselyconnectedwithBuddhism,inotherwords,thislinewerecarefullydesigned.Apartfromthis,Po’sfathersaid“Thereisnotsecretingredients”impressedme,whichwerewellknownintalesofrovingknightswrittenbyLouisCha9.”“Thesecretingredientofmysecretingredientsoupis...nothing.Tomakesomethingspecial,youjusthavetobelieveit’sspecial.”It isassameasthenovelnamed“Swordman”.Beforeimpartinghisuniqueskill“lonelywithnine”,themaster“FengQingyang”guided“LingHuchong”inproperlyusesthesword:naturalandflowingstyle,orfreestyle.Themainpurposeof“freestyle”istobehaveinacreativelystudyandapplyway,alsothisisthecreamofourChinesetraditionalculture.Anotherinterestinglineis“internalpeace,harmonyandfocus”;thisisrelatedtoConfucianphilosophicalthought.Thecoreofthisthoughtisthegoldenmean,whichadvocatesthatwedoeverythingbysubduedwaytopreventunnecessarycomplexitiesorconflicts.Thisphrase“internalpeace”meanspersonalpeace;“harmonyandfocus”meansthesubduedwaytoresolveproblems.Thissentencemeanstokeepone’spersonalpeace,wemustusesubduedwaytoresolveproblems,anditcostslessandisbestforus.3)ThecharactersandplotsdesignthrowoutChinesecharacteristic.Let’sbeginwiththecharacters.Ihavenoticedarole:thetiger.Imeanitisafemaletiger.It’sinteresting,isn’tit?Inchina,wecalledAwomanwhoregardedascoarseandshrewish“tigress”.Idon’tknowifitisacoincidence,orexactlydesign.Moreover,thefuriousfivearefiveanimals:tiger,monkey,mantis,snake,andcrane.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhavenoticedthattheystandforfivestylesofChinesekungfu.Masteroogwayisatortoise,whichstandsforlongevityinChineseculture.Mostinterestingroleisthetigernamed“TaiLang”,whoadoptedbyMasterXiFu.Becauseoflosingthechancetobethedragonwarrior,hewasveryangryandwantstoretaliateonMasterOogwaybuthefailed.ThereisaChineseoldsaying,“Connivingatyourenemyiskillingyourself”,itsliteralmeaningis“toadoptatigerwillbringdisaster”,generalmeansappeasementbringsdisaster.ThemasterXiFuadopted“TaiLang”,ononehand,heisatiger,hehavethenatureoftiger:violenttemper,ontheotherhand,inChineseculture,itisaccordwiththemeaning“Connivingatyour enemyiskillingyourself”,and“TaiLang”didbecameadisaster.Howinterestingitis.Thenwetalkabouttheplotdesign.Wearefamiliarwiththewholeplotlikethis:atthebeginning,theman(theleadingrole)isaweakperson,everyonecanbeathim.Butheisnotthenormalperson(ifheisanormalperson,whywemakethisfilm?),hewantstobetheNo.1.Thenyouhaveguessedall,hedoeshisbesttodoexercises,attheendhebeatshisenemyandbecamethestrongestmanintheworld.TheKungFuPandaalsononethelessendwiththisplot.However,thankstothisplot,KungFuPandawaspopularwithvarietyofpeople.Normalthingisthebestthing.Nevertheless,thereisnolackofChinesestyleplot.DoyouremembertheDragScroll?Itisablackscroll,onlyfunctionistobeamirror.Itjustlikestheplotof“Swordman”,whichIhavetoldyoubefore.When“FengQingyang”teached“LingHuchong”theuniqueskill“lonelywithnine”,hetold“LingHuchong”justtoforgeteverystepheshowed.Thetwoplotsaresimilar.Bothofthemtellthesamemeaning,thatis,wehavetothinkoutsidethebox.ThatisalsoaChinesestylevalue,whichyoucanseefromanyknights-errantnovel.4)IdentifywiththeChineseDragon.ThePanda,PowasselectedtobeDragonwarrior.AllbodyknowthattheDragonisstandforevilinwesternculture.Butinthismovie,theconceptofChineseDragonisacceptedbywesternproducers.Theyshowedtheirrespecttoourculture,andChineseDragonhasbecomeapositiveimageandtheultimateincarnationofjustice.Moreover,thesnake,whichisoneofthetwelveChinesehoroscopeanimals,whichwascalled“thecraftiestanimalGodmadeintheworld”bywesterners,alsobecameajusticialroleforhissnakeboxingandwasclassifiedasamemberoffuriousfive.Thewesternproducershowedthemostsincereattitudetoourculture.Rightnow,IhavetotellyouaChinesemoviemakerwhobeconsideredasanexpertinmoviearea.HesaidwehavetochangeourtraditionDragontotemtoanevilforminordertopromotethe HarmonizationofChineseandwestern.ComparewiththeProducersofKungFuPanda,the“expert”wassosuperficial.AnotherwesternKungFumovie,“TheForbiddenKingdom”,wasalsosuperficial.ThismoviewassimplyassembledthesymbolofChinesetraditionalculture,onlyscratchthesurfaceofourculturebyusingtheirinertialthinking,arousednotChinesepeople’spridebutanger.Incontrast,thoughKungFuPandawasanAmericanstyleinspirationalstory,itcombinedtheswordsmanspiritanderrantryperfectly.Thereisnodoubtthatthiswillhappenedinaswordsman’sstory.However,combine100%ChinesestylepicturesandAmericanstylehumorousperfectly,KungFuPandawasbetterthananyotherChinesestylemovie.“TheForbiddenKingdom”isaproductionforAmericanproducers’self-enjoyment.However,KungFuPandawasbasedonfullyunderstandingandrespectingChineseculture.That’swhythemoviewhichstaredbytwofamousChineseKungFustar,waspaidlessattentionbyChinesepeoplethanKungFuPanda,whichstaredbyaseriesofcomputerprograms.ThedirectorinordertomaketheKungFuinthemovielooksmorereal,helookedthroughallofmovieswhichdirectedbyYuanHeping,afamousChineseKungFudirector.Ⅳ.ConclusionJustaswetalkedabove,thismovie,Ithink,isthemostsuccessfulmovieonChineseinexploringChineseculture.WhiletherearealsosomemisunderstandingonChineseculture,duetotheculturegap.Afterallunderstandingthedepthofanation’scultureisnotaneasything.Firstofall,justlikethefirstChineseculturemoviesHuaMulan,therearealsomanymisunderstandingsexistinthemovie.Zhaobandi,aChinesepainterwhoonlypaintspandaallhislife,holdsthatthepandainthisfilmisakindofinsulttoourcutepandainChineseforhisuglyappearanceandnotfittingtowiththerealimageofpanda.PoisatypicalwesternherobecausehedefeatedtheenemybyhisKungFu,whileinChinese;aherousuallydefeatedanenemy bythetheoryConfucianism.Somanyconflictsledtomanyargumentsonthismovie.Butinsomedegree,IholdsthatthismoviemakealongsteponcultureexchangebetweenEnglishandChinese.Withregardtotheappearance,I’dliketosaythatpandainthismovieisjustacharacterrepresentacommonhero.ThereisnoinsulttowardChinesepanda.Pandaisjustasymbolofheroandananimaltomakefunny.Foronething,comparedwithHuaMulan,thismoviehasaddedmanyChineseelementsintothisfilmjustlikeItalkedintheformerpartofthisarticle.GoosemeansacommonanimalbothinEnglishandChineseculture.Foranother,somanyChineseelementsappearsinthismovemakesalongstepofprogressincultureexchangeandmakecontributiontothesuccessofexploreChinesecultureinfilm.ThisfilmreflectstheoldChinesepoliticiansystem:thesceneofthestoryislaidinaHepingValley,asmalltown,whichlivesseveralofpeoplejustlikeacountrywithdifferentkindofpeople.Moreover,therearealsoarulerandaprisonwhichrepresentthestatemachine.Thesearethesymbolicofacountry,especiallytheoldChinese.Aman,theking,rulesthecountry.Obviously,thedragonwarriorwhoisrespectedbyallofthefellowpeopleistherightrulerofthecountry.AnyonewhoremembersourhistoryknowsheistherightonewhocandoeverythinghewantsjustlikethekinginoldChinese.Atlast,thedragon-warrior-selection.ThefilmKongFuPandahasmadeagreatprogressinChineseculturemovieproducedbyHollywood.ThefirstChineseculturemovieHuaMulanfocusonthewesternvalueoutlook.TheyusethereownviewtocastHuaMulanwhichisHuaMulanisasymbolthatwomanhasalowerstatueinsocietysoshehavetobeinarmyforhisgrandpa.WhiletheKongFuPandafocusontheChinesespriteofhardworkingtoaccomplishagoal.Theyusethereownviewtocast.Whileinthesecondmovie,theyputthemselvesinChinesetoproducethemovie.Ofcourse,incultureexchangeandexploreinfilmonChineseculture,thereisalottobeimprovedtomakebettermoviewhichcanfitinwithboth EnglishandChineseculture.Forexample:choosingarightanimalwhichhasthesameextendingmeaninginculture.Thetiger,thefirstoneintheFuriousFivemeansthekingofanimalbothinChineseandEnglish.ThischaracteroftigeriswellfitinwiththefirstplaceoftheFuriousFive.Anotherwaytosolvethisproblemistoimproveourtechnicalonanimatedfilm.ThisiswhyHollywoodcanmakesuchgoodanimatedfilm,whileChinesecannot. Notes1HuaMulan,amoviedirectedbyBarryCook,releasedin1998.Afterit,therewas“HuaMulan2”releasedin2004.2MarkOsborne,thedirectorofKungFuPanda3http://www.uschina.usc.edu/showfeature.aspx?articleID=2243&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=14YueFei,YueFeiwasafamousChinesepatriotandmilitarygeneralwhofoughtfortheSouthernSongDynastyagainsttheJurchenarmiesoftheJinDynasty.Sincehisdeath,YueFeihasevolvedintothestandardmodelofloyaltyinChineseculture.5TheRomanceofthethreekingdom,writtenbyLuoGuanzhonginthe14thcentury,isaChinesehistoricalnovelbaseduponeventsintheturbulentyearsneartheendoftheHanDynastyandtheThreeKingdomseraofChina,startingin169andendingwiththereunificationofthelandin280.6Ratatouille,Ratatouilleisa2007computer-animatedfilmproducedbyPixaranddistributedbyWaltDisneyPictures.ThefilmwastheeighthmovieproducedbyPixar,andwasdirectedbyBradBird,whotookoverfromJanPinkavain2005.ThetitlereferstoaFrenchdishwhichisservedlateinthefilm,andisalsoaplayonwordsonthespeciesofthemaincharacter.7MakingHavocinHeaven,achapterinChineseromanticnovelJourneytotheWest.8NezhaStirsUptheSea,achapterinChineseromanticnovelApotheosisofHeroes.9LouisCha,knownwithhispennameJinYongisoneofthemostinfluentialmodernChinese-languagenovelists.Co-founderoftheHongKongdailyMingPao,whichhestartedin1959,hewasthepaper'sfirsteditor-in-chiefandheldthispositionuntil1993,whenheretired.Hehasalsowrittenand directedtwofilms.Bibliographyhttp://www.mtime.com/my/fallen/blog/1252734/http://www.douban.com/review/1402200/http://www.mtime.com/my/inside/blog/1248583/http://www.douban.com/review/1414534/石玉崑编著《三侠五义》，广东：广东人民出版社，1980。金庸编著《笑傲江湖》，北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2001。