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1、SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTandSUSTAINABLETOURISM:BUSINESS,THECOMMUNITYANDTHEENVIRONMENTBernardLane:RedKiteEnvironmentandJournalofSustainableTourism“Thetwentiethcentury,itissafetosay,hasmadeallofusintodeephistoricalpessimists”–FrancisFukuyamaAndthefirstyearsofthetwenty-firstcenturyh
2、avedonenothingtoliftthatpessimism.ThegloomexpressedintheopeningchapterofFukuyama’snowclassicwork“TheEndofHistoryandtheLastMan”hasgrown.Theworldfacesnumerousthreatsthatrecallthebeliefsoftheeighteenthcentury’sThomasMalthus(1766-1834),whoforecastthatwar,pestilenceandfaminewouldso
3、ondevastatethepeopleoftheworld.Whiletechnologyhasheldthatthreatatbayinsomepartsoftheworld,globalisationmaybringtheinfamousMalthusianpredictiontousalloneday.Globalwarmingandrelatedclimatechanges,risingsealevels,hungerandfamine,terrorismandwar,risingenergyprices,thespreadofaids,
4、birdfluandotherillnesses,areallpartofourdailynewsdiet.The“CreditCrunch”,andotherformsoffinancialvolatility,maybepartofthegrowingworldofthreat.Thispapersetstheconceptsofsustainabledevelopmentintothecontextofgloomquotedabove.Itgoesontorelatehowsustainabletourismisapartoftheparad
5、igmofsustainabledevelopment.Itlooksatwhyandhowthesubjecthasmadeprogress.Itdescribesthewaysinwhichsustainabletourismcanbeimplemented–globally,nationallyandlocally–andgivesexamplesofhowbusinesscanworkwithcommunitiesandwithconservationiststomaketheworldbothmoreoptimisticandmoresu
6、stainable.ItconcludesbyoutliningwhatcouldbedonetostimulatetheadoptionofmoresustainableformsoftourisminNorthCarolina.CanNorthCarolinatakeapioneeringrole–forcommercial,socialandenvironmentalreasons?ButFirst:Itisnecessarytodiscussawidespreadbelief.Thenineteenthandtwentiethcenturi
7、esappearatfirstglancetohavebeenagoldenagewhentechnologybegantoconquerall.AgainFukuyamasaysitclearly:“technologymakespossiblethelimitlessaccumulationofwealth,andthusthesatisfactionofaneverexpandinghumansetofdesires”(Fukuyama,1992,xiv).Thatsciencebackedscenariowasbackedbythephil
8、osophersHegelandMarxinthepast,andlivesonattheUN,attheWorldBan
