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1、3DprintingFormethodsofapplyinga2Dimageona3Dsurface,seepadprinting.Formethodsofprinting2Dparallaxstereogramsthatseem3Dtotheeye,seelenticularprintingandholography.AnORDbotQuantum3Dprinter. Timelapsevideoofahyperboloidobject(designedbyGeorgeW.Hart)madeofPLAusingaRepRap"PrusaMend
2、el"3Dprinterformoltenpolymerdeposition.3DprintingorAdditivemanufacturing[1]isaprocessofmakingathree-dimensionalsolidobjectofvirtuallyanyshapefromadigitalmodel.3Dprintingisachievedusinganadditiveprocess,wheresuccessivelayersofmaterialarelaiddownindifferentshapes.[2]3Dprintingi
3、salsoconsidereddistinctfromtraditionalmachiningtechniques,whichmostlyrelyontheremovalofmaterialbymethodssuchascuttingordrilling(subtractiveprocesses).A3Dprinterisalimitedtypeofindustrialrobotthatiscapableofcarryingoutanadditiveprocessundercomputercontrol.While3Dprintingtechno
4、logyhasbeenaroundsincethe1980s,itwasnotuntiltheearly2010sthattheprintersbecamewidelyavailablecommercially.[3]Thefirstworking3Dprinterwascreatedin1984byChuckHullof3DSystemsCorp.[4]Sincethestartofthe21stcenturytherehasbeenalargegrowthinthesalesofthesemachines,andtheirpricehasdr
5、oppedsubstantially.[5]AccordingtoWohlersAssociates,aconsultancy,themarketfor3Dprintersandserviceswasworth$2.2 billionworldwidein2012,up29%from2011.[6]The3Dprintingtechnologyisusedforbothprototypinganddistributedmanufacturingwithapplicationsinarchitecture,construction(AEC),ind
6、ustrialdesign,automotive,aerospace,military,engineering,civilengineering,dentalandmedicalindustries,biotech(humantissuereplacement),fashion,footwear,jewelry,eyewear,education,geographicinformationsystems,food,andmanyotherfields.Onestudyhasfound[7]thatopensource3Dprintingcould
7、becomeamassmarketitembecausedomestic3Dprinterscanoffsettheircapitalcostsbyenablingconsumerstoavoidcostsassociatedwithpurchasingcommonhouseholdobjects.[8]TerminologyThetermadditivemanufacturingreferstotechnologiesthatcreateobjectsthroughsequentiallayering.Objectsthataremanufac
8、turedadditivelycanbeusedanywherethroughouttheproductlifecycle,frompr
