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1、3DprintingFormethodsofapplyinga2Dimageona3Dsurface,seepadprinting.Formethodsofprinting2Dparallaxstereogramsthatseem3Dtotheeye,seelenticularprintingandholography.AnORDbotQuantum3Dprinter. Timelapsevideoofahyperboloidobject(designedbyGeorgeW.Hart)madeofPLAusingaRepRap"PrusaMendel"3Dprinterformoltenpol
2、ymerdeposition.3DprintingorAdditivemanufacturing[1]isaprocessofmakingathree-dimensionalsolidobjectofvirtuallyanyshapefromadigitalmodel.3Dprintingisachievedusinganadditiveprocess,wheresuccessivelayersofmaterialarelaiddownindifferentshapes.[2]3Dprintingisalsoconsidereddistinctfromtraditionalmachiningt
3、echniques,whichmostlyrelyontheremovalofmaterialbymethodssuchascuttingordrilling(subtractiveprocesses).A3Dprinterisalimitedtypeofindustrialrobotthatiscapableofcarryingoutanadditiveprocessundercomputercontrol.While3Dprintingtechnologyhasbeenaroundsincethe1980s,itwasnotuntiltheearly2010sthattheprinters
4、becamewidelyavailablecommercially.[3]Thefirstworking3Dprinterwascreatedin1984byChuckHullof3DSystemsCorp.[4]Sincethestartofthe21stcenturytherehasbeenalargegrowthinthesalesofthesemachines,andtheirpricehasdroppedsubstantially.[5]AccordingtoWohlersAssociates,aconsultancy,themarketfor3Dprintersandservice
5、swasworth$2.2 billionworldwidein2012,up29%from2011.[6]The3Dprintingtechnologyisusedforbothprototypinganddistributedmanufacturingwithapplicationsinarchitecture,construction(AEC),industrialdesign,automotive,aerospace,military,engineering,civilengineering,dentalandmedicalindustries,biotech(humantissuer
6、eplacement),fashion,footwear,jewelry,eyewear,education,geographicinformationsystems,food,andmanyotherfields.Onestudyhasfound[7]thatopensource3Dprintingcouldbecomeamassmarketitembecausedomestic3Dprinterscanoffsettheircapitalcostsbyenablingconsumerstoavoidcostsassociatedwithpurchasingcommonhouseholdob
7、jects.[8]TerminologyThetermadditivemanufacturingreferstotechnologiesthatcreateobjectsthroughsequentiallayering.Objectsthataremanufacturedadditivelycanbeusedanywherethroughouttheproductlifecycle,frompr
