专业考试指导：美国文学简史（三）

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1、专业考试指导：美国文学简史（三）Section2SummitofRomanticism–AmericanTranscendentalismI.Background:foursources1.Unitarianism(1)FatherhoodofGod(2)Brotherhoodofmen(3)LeadershipofJesus(4)Salvationbycharacter(perfectionofone’scharacter)(5)Continuedprogressofmankind(6)Divinityofmankind(7)Depravityofmankind2.Rom

2、anticIdealismCenteroftheysticismCenteroftheEloquentexpressionintranscendentalismII.Appearance1836,“Nature”byEmersonIII.Features1.spirit/oversoul2.importanceofindividualism3.nature–symbolofspirit/Godgarmentoftheoversoul4.focusinintuition(irrationalismandsubconsciousness)IV.Influence1.Itserv

3、edasanethicalguidetolifeforayoungnationandbroughtabouttheideathathumancanbeperfectedbynature.Itstressedreligioustolerance,calledtothrosandtraditionsandgoforentofaneericanculture.2.Itadvocatedidealismthatyeopportunism,andthedesireto“geton”obscuredthemoralnecessityforrisingtospiritualheight.

4、3.IthelpedtocreatethefirstAmericanrenaissance–oneofthemostprolificperiodinAmericanliterature.V.Ralpherson1.life2.ericanScholar,ThePoet3.pointofvieajorelementofhisphilosophyishisfirmbeliefinthetranscendenceofthe“oversoul”.(2)Heregardsnatureasthepurest,andthemostsanctifyingmoralinfluenceonma

5、n,andadvocatedadirectintuitionofaspiritualandimmanentGodinnature.(3)Ifmandependsuponhimself,cultivateshimselfandbringsoutthedivineinhimself,hecanhopetobeebetterandevenperfect.Thisisersonmeansby“theinfinitudeofman”.(4)Everyoneshouldunderstandthathemakeshimselfbymakinghisakestheakinghimself.

6、4.aestheticideas(1)Heisapleteman,aneternalman.(2)Truepoetryandtrueartshouldennoble.(3)Thepoetshouldexpresshisthoughtinsymbols.(4)Astotheme,EmersoncalleduponAmericanauthorstocelebrateAmericaalonepoeminitself.5.hisinfluenceVI.HenryDavidThoreau1.life2.ackRiver(2)ericaentlyoutspokenonthepoint.

7、(2)Hehatedthehumaninjusticeasrepresentedbytheslaverysystem.(3)LikeEmerson,butmorethanhim,Thoreausaan’sspiritualan.(5)Heoderncivilization.(6)“Simplicity…simplify!”(7)Heen’sodd-fellotrustinthefutureandhisardentbeliefinaneen.