专业考试指导：美国文学简史（五）

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1、专业考试指导：美国文学简史（五）Chapter3TheAgeofRealismI.Background:FromRomanticismtoRealism1.thethreeconflictsthatreachedbreakingpointinthisperiod(1)industrialismvs.agrarian(2)culturely-measuredeastvs.neercialgentility2.1880’surbanization:fromfreepetitiontomonopolycapitalism3.theclosingofAmericanfrontierII

2、.Characteristics1.truthfuldescriptionoflife2.typicalcharacterundertypicalcircumstance3.objectiveratherthanidealized,closeobservationandinvestigationoflife“Realisticuchroomforreaderstothinkbythemselves.5.concerneds,revealingthefrustrationsofcharactersinanenvironmentofsordidnessanddepravityIII

3、.ThreeGiantsinRealisticPeriod1.aninhisnaturalandunaffecteddullnessisbynomeansmerephotographicpicturesofexternalsbutincludesacentralconcernotives”andpsychologicalconflicts.e.Hecondemnsnovelsofsentimentalityandmorbidself-sacrifice,andavoidssuchthemesasillicitlove.f.Authorsshouldminimizeplotand

4、theartificialorderingofthesenseofsomething“desultory,unfinished,imperfect”.g.Charactersshouldhavesolidityofspecificationandbereal.h.Interpretingsympatheticallythe“monfeelingsofmonplacepeople”erica.i.Heurgedanitarianideals.j.Truthisthehighestbeauty,butitincludesthevieoralityperatesallthings.k

5、.odernInstance(3)FeaturesofHisoraldevelopment/ethicsc.Lackingofpsychologicaldepth2.HenryJames(1)Life(2)Literarycareer:threestagesa.1865~1882:internationalthemelTheAmericanlDaisyMillerlThePortraitofaLadyb.1882~1895:inter-personalrelationshipsandsomeplayslDaisyMiller(play)c.1895~1900:novellasa

6、ndtalesdealingelTheTurnoftheScrebassadorslThearkT1860s,1870s~1890sI.Appearance1.unevendevelopmentineconomyinAmerica2.culture:flourishingoffrontierliterature,humourists3.magazinesappearedtoletothers,usuallyaverysmallpartoftheilar,butlargerinple,brief,sometimesungrammatical(4)humour(5)talltale

7、s(highlyexaggerated)(6)socialcriticism(satireonthedifferentuglythingsinsociety)IV.parisonofthethree“giants”ofAmericanRealism1.ThemeHoiddleclassJames–upperclassTiling/genteelrealismJames–psychologicalrealismTandcolloquialism