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1、外文资料AutomotiveSuspensionSystemOverviewMostsuspensionsystemshavethesamebasicpartsandoperatebasicallyinthesameway.Theydiffer,however,inthewaythepartsarearranged.Thevehiclewheelisattachedtoasteeringknuckle.Thesteeringknuckleisattachedtothevehicleframebytwocontrolarms,
2、whicharemountedsotheycanpivotupanddown.Acoilspringismountedbetweenthelowercontrolarmandtheframe.Whenthewheelrollsoverabump,thecontrolarmsmoveupandcompressthespring.Whenthewheelrollsintoadip,thecontrolarmsmovedownandthespringsexpand.Thespringforcebringsthecontrolarm
3、sandthewheelbackintothenormalpositionassoonasthewheelisonflatpavement.Theideaistoallowthewheeltomoveupanddownwhiletheframe,body,andpassengersstaysmoothandlevel.Theunequallengthcontrolarmorshort,longarm(SLA)suspensionsystemhasbeencommononAmericanvehiclesformanyyears
4、.Becauseeachwheelisindependentlyconnectedtotheframebyasteeringknuckle,balljointassemblies,andupperandlowercontrolarms,thesystemisoftendescribedasanindependentsuspension.Theshort,longarmsuspensionsystemgetsitsnamefromtheuseoftwocontrolarmsfromtheframetothesteeringkn
5、uckleandwheelassembly.Thetwocontrolarmsareofunequallengthwithalongcontrolarmonthebottomandashortcontrolarmonthetop.ThecontrolarmsaresometimescalledAarmsbecauseinthetopviewtheyareshapedliketheletterA.Intheshort,longarmsuspensionsystem,theuppercontrolarmisattachedtoa
6、crossshaftthroughtwocombinationrubberandmetalbushings.Thecrossshaft,inturn,isboltedtotheframe.Aballjoint,calledtheupperballjoint,isattachedtotheouterendoftheupperarmandconnectstothesteeringknucklethroughataperedstudheldinpositionwithanut.Theinnerendsofthelowercontr
7、olarmhavepressed-inbushings.Bolts,passingthroughthebushings,attachthearmtotheframe.Thelowerballjointisusuallypressedintothecontrolarmandconnectstothesteeringknucklethroughataperedstudthatisheldinpositionwithanut.Aballjointisusedonthecontrolarmsbecauseitallowsmoveme
8、ntinmorethanonedirection.Itallowstheup-and-downmotionrequiredasthewheelspassoverdipsandbumps.Thistypeofjointalsoallowsside-to-sidemotionasthewhee
