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1、外文原文Suspension(vehicle)Whenpeoplethinkofautomobileperformance,theynormallythinkofhorsepower,torqueandzero-to-60acceleration.Butallofthepowergeneratedbyapistonengineisuselessifthedrivercan'tcontrolthecar.That'swhyautomobileengineersturnedtheirattentiontothesuspensionsys
2、temalmostassoonastheyhadmasteredthefour-strokeinternalcombustionengine.Thejobofacarsuspensionistomaximizethefrictionbetweenthetiresandtheroadsurface,toprovidesteeringstabilitywithgoodhandlingandtoensurethecomfortofthepassengers.Inthisarticle,we'llexplorehowcarsuspensio
3、nswork,howthey'veevolvedovertheyearsandwherethedesignofsuspensionsisheadedinthefuture.VehicleDynamicsIfaroadwereperfectlyflat,withnoirregularities,suspensionswouldn'tbenecessary.Butroadsarefarfromflat.Evenfreshlypavedhighwayshavesubtleimperfectionsthatcaninteractwithth
4、ewheelsofacar.It'stheseimperfectionsthatapplyforcestothewheels.AccordingtoNewton'slawsofmotion,allforceshavebothmagnitudeanddirection.Abumpintheroadcausesthewheeltomoveupanddownperpendiculartotheroadsurface.Themagnitude,ofcourse,dependsonwhetherthewheelisstrikingagiant
5、bumporatinyspeck.Eitherway,thecarwheelexperiencesaverticalaccelerationasitpassesoveranimperfection.Withoutaninterveningstructure,allofwheel'sverticalenergyistransferredtotheframe,whichmovesinthesamedirection.Insuchasituation,thewheelscanlosecontactwiththeroadcompletely
6、.Then,underthedownwardforceofgravity,thewheelscanslambackintotheroadsurface.Whatyouneedisasystemthatwillabsorbtheenergyoftheverticallyacceleratedwheel,allowingtheframeandbodytorideundisturbedwhilethewheelsfollowbumpsintheroad.Thestudyoftheforcesatworkonamovingcariscall
7、edvehicledynamics,andyouneedtounderstandsomeoftheseconceptsinordertoappreciatewhyasuspensionisnecessaryinthefirstplace.Mostautomobileengineersconsiderthedynamicsofamovingcarfromtwoperspectives:·Ride-acar'sabilitytosmoothoutabumpyroad·Handling-acar'sabilitytosafelyaccel
8、erate,brakeandcornerAcar'ssuspension,withitsvariouscomponents,providesallofthesolutionsdescribed.Let'slookatthepartso
