毕业论文外文翻译-TCPIP的介绍说明

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1、IntroductiontoTCP/IPABSTRACTTCPandIPweredevelopedbyaDepartmentofDefense(DOD)researchprojecttoconnectanumberdifferentnetworksdesignedbydifferentvendorsintoanetworkofnetworks(the"Internet").Itwasinitiallysuccessfulbecauseitdeliveredafewbasicservicesthateveryoneneeds(filetra

2、nsfer,electronicmail,remotelogon)acrossaverylargenumberofclientandserversystems.SeveralcomputersinasmalldepartmentcanuseTCP/IP(alongwithotherprotocols)onasingleLAN.TheIPcomponentprovidesroutingfromthedepartmenttotheenterprisenetwork,thentoregionalnetworks,andfinallytotheg

3、lobalInternet.Onthebattlefieldacommunicationsnetworkwillsustaindamage,sotheDODdesignedTCP/IPtoberobustandautomaticallyrecoverfromanynodeorphonelinefailure.Thisdesignallowstheconstructionofverylargenetworkswithlesscentralmanagement.However,becauseoftheautomaticrecovery,net

4、workproblemscangoundiagnosedanduncorrectedforlongperiodsoftime.Aswithallothercommunicationsprotocol,TCP/IPiscomposedoflayers:IP-isresponsibleformovingpacketofdatafromnodetonode.IPforwardseachpacketbasedonafourbytedestinationaddress(theIPnumber).TheInternetauthoritiesassig

5、nrangesofnumberstodifferentorganizations.Theorganizationsassigngroupsoftheirnumberstodepartments.IPoperatesongatewaymachinesthatmovedatafromdepartmenttoorganizationtoregionandthenaroundtheworld.TCP-isresponsibleforverifyingthecorrectdeliveryofdatafromclienttoserver.Dataca

6、nbelostintheintermediatenetwork.TCPaddssupporttodetecterrorsorlostdataandtotriggerretransmissionuntilthedataiscorrectlyandcompletelyreceived.Sockets-isanamegiventothepackageofsubroutinesthatprovideaccesstoTCP/IPonmostsystems.1IntroductionTheArmyputsoutabidonacomputerandDE

7、Cwinsthebid.TheAirForceputsoutabidandIBMwins.TheNavybidiswonbyUnisys.ThenthePresidentdecidestoinvadeGrenadaandthearmedforcesdiscoverthattheircomputerscannottalktoeachother.The18DODmustbuilda"network"outofsystemseachofwhich,bylaw,wasdeliveredbythelowestbidderonasinglecontr

8、act.TheInternetProtocolwasdevelopedtocreateaNetworkofNetworks(the"Internet").Individualmachinesa