基因聚合改良水稻白叶枯病、稻瘟病、褐飞虱和螟虫的抗性

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1、AbbreviationWordAFPLamplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphismBblastBBbacterialblightBCbackCROSScMcentiMorgansCMScytoplasmic．nucleicmalesterilityDNAdeoxyribonucleicacidFGPfilledgrainsperpanicleGCAgeneralcombiningabilityGPgrainperplantGWgrainweightHDdayfromseedingtohead堍IRRI

2、internationalriceresearchiIlsti眦MASmarkerassistedseleetionNILnear-isogeniclinesPCRpolymerasechainreactionPHplantheight(Cm)PLpaniclelength(cra)PPpanicleperplantQTLquantitativetraitlociRFLPrestrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphismSPspikeletperpanicleSSRseedsettingrate(％)YP

3、yieldperplant1000-GWthousandgrainweightQ)IntroductionRice(Oryzasativa)，alsocalledpaddyrice，commonrice，lowlandoruplandriceisthesourceofmajorcaloficforaquantityportionoftheearth’spopulation．Thisfoodgrainisproducedinatleast95countriesaroundtheglobe，withChinaproducing28％

4、oftheworld’Sproductionin2011，followedbyIndiaat22％，Indonesiaat8％，andBangladeshandVietnameachproducingabout5％．TheUnitedStatesproducedabout1．5％oftheworld’Stotalannualproductionduringthelasthalfofthe1990s．However,theUnitedStatesaccountsforabout15％oftheannualworldexportso

5、ffice．Riceisauniquecropofgreatantiquityandakintoprogressinhumancivilization．Itsrichgeneticdiversityencompassesanenormousrangeofgeographic-ecologicadaptation．Itsearlyprogenitor,agrass，haddifferentiatedintoratherdistinctformsinvarioushumidregionsofthesouthemlandmassnow

6、calledtheGondwanasupercontinentmorethan130millionyearsago．Duringthelast12，000yearsorso，thelongprocessofcultivation,domestication,dispersal，anddiversificationisalsoafacetofhumanhistoryfortherice—eatingpeoplesofAfricaandAsia．Today,humanactivitieshaveledtothegrowingoffi

7、ceinmorethan100countriesoftheworldacrossasouth-to-northspanfrom400Sto53。Nlatitude．During1994，worldriceproductioncovered150．10。haofwhichmorethan130．106hectaresareinAsia，6millionhectaresinSouthAmerica,1．7millionhectaresinNorthandCentralAmerica,andslightlyover7millionhe

8、ctaresinAfrica．Globalroughrice(paddy)productionreached534millionmetrictonsin1994，ofwhich482millionmetrictonswereharvestedinAsia．Ric