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ID:23800453
大小:7.85 MB
页数:63页
时间:2018-11-10
《基因聚合改良水稻白叶枯病、稻瘟病、褐飞虱和螟虫的抗性》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、AbbreviationWordAFPLamplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphismBblastBBbacterialblightBCbackCROSScMcentiMorgansCMScytoplasmic.nucleicmalesterilityDNAdeoxyribonucleicacidFGPfilledgrainsperpanicleGCAgeneralcombiningabilityGPgrainperplantGWgrainweightHDdayfromseedingtohead堍IRRI
2、internationalriceresearchiIlsti眦MASmarkerassistedseleetionNILnear-isogeniclinesPCRpolymerasechainreactionPHplantheight(Cm)PLpaniclelength(cra)PPpanicleperplantQTLquantitativetraitlociRFLPrestrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphismSPspikeletperpanicleSSRseedsettingrate(%)YP
3、yieldperplant1000-GWthousandgrainweightQ)IntroductionRice(Oryzasativa),alsocalledpaddyrice,commonrice,lowlandoruplandriceisthesourceofmajorcaloficforaquantityportionoftheearth’spopulation.Thisfoodgrainisproducedinatleast95countriesaroundtheglobe,withChinaproducing28%
4、oftheworld’Sproductionin2011,followedbyIndiaat22%,Indonesiaat8%,andBangladeshandVietnameachproducingabout5%.TheUnitedStatesproducedabout1.5%oftheworld’Stotalannualproductionduringthelasthalfofthe1990s.However,theUnitedStatesaccountsforabout15%oftheannualworldexportso
5、ffice.Riceisauniquecropofgreatantiquityandakintoprogressinhumancivilization.Itsrichgeneticdiversityencompassesanenormousrangeofgeographic-ecologicadaptation.Itsearlyprogenitor,agrass,haddifferentiatedintoratherdistinctformsinvarioushumidregionsofthesouthemlandmassnow
6、calledtheGondwanasupercontinentmorethan130millionyearsago.Duringthelast12,000yearsorso,thelongprocessofcultivation,domestication,dispersal,anddiversificationisalsoafacetofhumanhistoryfortherice—eatingpeoplesofAfricaandAsia.Today,humanactivitieshaveledtothegrowingoffi
7、ceinmorethan100countriesoftheworldacrossasouth-to-northspanfrom400Sto53。Nlatitude.During1994,worldriceproductioncovered150.10。haofwhichmorethan130.106hectaresareinAsia,6millionhectaresinSouthAmerica,1.7millionhectaresinNorthandCentralAmerica,andslightlyover7millionhe
8、ctaresinAfrica.Globalroughrice(paddy)productionreached534millionmetrictonsin1994,ofwhich482millionmetrictonswereharvestedinAsia.Ric
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