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1、Thecolonist’scultureinRobinsonCrusoeAbstractDanielDefoeisagreatEnglishnovelistinthe18thcentury.RobinsonCrusoe,hismasterpiece,iseitherapioneeringEnglishadventurefictionoratypicalcolonialliterature.ItnotonlyisavividnarrativestoryaboutthesurprisingandadventuringlifeofRobinson,butalso
2、hasthethemeofcolonismwhichisrepresentedonaseriesofbinaryoppositionalcolonialdiscourses:thecolonialcountryandthecolony,masterandslave,thewhiteandthecolored,centralcultureandmarginalculture,civilizationandsavageness,Christianityandcannibalsandallthat.Withpost-colonialcriticismasitsv
3、isualangle,thisthesissetsonthehistoryofEuropeancolonialism,analyzesthedescriptionofcharacters,narrativewordsandthegrowingprocessof“Friday”wholoseshisnationalcultureidentitytodeconstructthosecolonialdiscourses,exploresthestrategiesforcolonist’sculturalcolonizationtothosepeopleinthe
4、coloniesandrevealsthedilemmaoflosingtheirnationalcultureidentity.Thisanalysisgivesusanewperspectiveinappreciationthisclassicalworkandatypicalcasestudyofhowthecolonistsexerttheculturalruleonthepeopleinthecolonies.KeyWordsRobinsonCrusoe;colonialism;colonialdiscourses;culturalcoloniz
5、ation摘 要《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔.笛福的代表作,是英国历险小说的源头,也是一部带有强烈殖民主义意识的文学作品。它不仅生动地讲述了小说主人公鲁滨逊开拓荒岛的详细过程,也描绘了他驯服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本课题着重以“后殖民主义批评”(易小斌,2004:64-68)为视角,拟从历史文化背景、人物刻画以及话语分析入手,对《鲁滨逊漂流记》中所建立起的宗主国/殖民地,奴隶主/奴隶,白种人/有色人,中心文化/边缘文化,文明/野蛮,基督教/食人部族等二元对立的殖民话语体系进行解构,揭示蕴涵在作品中的殖民主义意识,并阐释鲁滨逊如何以
6、枪炮为后盾,有计划地从语言和宗教信仰两方面对“星期五”进行赤裸裸的文化殖民,使其丧失了原有的民族文化身份,从而造成自我身份丧失的窘境。本课题为读者重读经典开辟了一个新的视角,也为读者审视殖民者的文化统治提供了一个典型个案。关键词《鲁滨逊漂流记》;殖民主义;殖民话语;文化殖民IntroductionColonialismistheconsequenceofwesterncapitalaccumulation.ItoriginatesfromtheperiodsofDiscoveryandExplorationsince15thcentury.Somecrit
7、icsthinkthatitbreakstheseparationoftheOldWorldandtheNewWorldandalsoencouragestheexchangeofbothcultures.(李伯庚,2003)Actually,from15thto19thcentury,itisalonghistoryofexploitationandinvasionamongEuropeanpowers.TheyaremotivatedbythelureofwealthinAsia,thespicetradeinIndia,thegoldandsilve
8、rinAmerica,andtheslavesofAfricaaf