Lexical Gap and Methods to Cope with Lexical Gap in Translation20

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1、LexicalGapandMethodstoCopewithLexicalGapinTranslation词汇空缺以及词汇空缺的翻译方法【摘要】不同种类的语言都有一些有着相同意思的词汇，这是文化交际的基础。然而，在翻译的过程中，译者有时候在目的语中找不到相应的词汇来翻译，这是由于英汉两种语言受各自文化的影响而导致了翻译中的词汇空缺现象。词汇空缺是一种很常见的翻译现象，同时也是翻译中最难解决的部分。克里斯特尔·大卫是这样给词汇空缺下定义的：“词汇空缺是语言学家用来描述在一门语言中没有词汇来指示一个特定的概念的术语。”（1995：116）本文从以下几个方面简单探讨了词汇空缺现

2、象的原因：第一，地理因素；第二，生产方式因素；第三，宗教因素；第四，历史与社会文化因素；第五，科学技术因素。最后，作者通过举例分析，提出了不同的解决方案，例如：直译、意译、加注、音译等，并且对这些翻译方法作了初步的评价。只有对中西文化进行深入了解，采取适当的翻译方法，才能真正解决词汇空缺现象，达到中西文化交流的目的。【关键词】词汇空缺；翻译；文化词[Abstract]Differentkindsoflanguagesallhavewordswithcorrespondingmeaning,whichisthebasisforcross-culturalcommunicat

3、ions.However,translatorssometimesfindthattherearenocorrespondingwordsortermsexistinginthetargetlanguageintheprocessoftranslation,whichresultsfromtheculturaldifferencebetweenthetwolanguages.Lexicalgapisacommonphenomenonintranslationandisalsothemostdifficultpartofit.CrystalDavidhadgivenadef

4、initiontolexicalgap,“Lexicalgapisthetermlinguistsusetodescribeasituationinwhichnosinglewordexistsinalanguagetodenoteaparticularconcept”(1995:116).Thispapersimplydiscussesthereasonsofthisphenomenonfromthefollowingaspects:first,geography;second,modesofproduction;third,religion;fourth,histor

5、yandsocialculture;andthelast,scienceandtechnology.Thentheauthorproposesdifferentmethodsthroughexemplificationtocopewithproblemscausedbylexicalgapintranslations,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,annotation,transliteration,etc.Andsomepreliminaryevaluationsforthetranslationstrategiesa

6、regiveninthispaper.Onlywhenthetranslatoristhemasterofthetwoculturesandconductssuitabletranslationstrategies,canproblemscausedbylexicalgapbewellsolvedandtheaimofcross-culturalcommunicationsbetweenChinaandthewestbeachieved.[KeyWords]lexicalgap;translation;culturalword1.IntroductionLanguagei

7、sthecarrierofcultureandculturedistinctivenessclingsveryclosetowords.Livingonthesameearth,differentkindsoflanguagesallhavewordswithcorrespondingmeaning.Forexample,thereare“water”and“fire”inEnglish,andthereareequivalentwords“水”and“火”inChinese.However,differentenvironm