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1、英汉否定结构的对比及其翻译ComparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseNegativeExpressionsandTheirTranslationAbstractNegationisuniversalforalmostallthelanguagesintheworld,butlanguagesdifferinwaystorealizenegation.TheformsofnegationinEnglisharecomplexanddiverse.Theformandnegativemeaningar
2、ealmostincorresponding.However,inChinese,thenegativestructuresarecomparativelysimple.AndthosedifferencesofidiomaticexpressionsandpatternsbetweenEnglishandChineseconstituteobstaclestotheunderstandingandtranslationofnegationforthelearnersofasecondlanguage.Basedoncon
3、trastivelinguistics,lexicologyandsyntactics,acomparativestudyofnegationbetweenEnglishandChineseatthelexicalandsyntacticlevelsisconducted,intermsofthedifferencesofnegation,andthemeansofthetranslationofnegation.Lexiconconcludesmorphemes,wordsandphrases.InEnglishnega
4、tivemorphemes,whicharealsocallednegativeaffixes,consistofprefixesandsuffixes.InChinesethereisnospecializednegativeaffixes.AndtherearemorenegativewordsinEnglishthaninChinese,whosenegativewordsarecomparativelysimple.Intheprocessoftranslation,thenegativemorphemesorwo
5、rdsinonelanguagecannotalwaysbetranslatedintofixednegativemorphemesorwordsinanotherlanguage.Accordingtodifferentcases,onehastoadoptflexiblewaystotranslatenegativemorphemesorwords.Throughacomparativestudyofpartialnegation,fullnegation,doublenegationandtransferredneg
6、ationatthesyntacticlevel,threetranslationmethodsareproposed,namely,literaltranslation,transformationandcountertranslation.KeyWords:negativeexpressions,comparativestudy,translationmethods内容摘要世界上任何一种语言都有否定方式,但不同语言表达否定意义的方法各不相同。英语表达否定概念的方式具有复杂性和多样性,否定形式和否定意义几乎不对应,而汉语
7、对否定的表达却表现出一定的单一性。同时,英语和汉语在否定表达和语言习惯等方面也存在着一定的差异,这就造成我们在理解和翻译上的困难。以对比语言学、词汇学、句法学作为理论基础,从词汇层面和句法层面展开对英汉语言否定结构的比较,找出他们表达方式的差异,并在此基础上指出了相应的翻译方法。词汇包括词素﹑词语和词组。英语否定词素,即否定词缀,包括前缀和后缀,而汉语中没有专门的否定词缀。英语中否定词相对繁多,而汉语中否定词相对简单。在翻译的过程中,一种语言中的否定词缀或否定词不可能固定地翻译成另一种语言的某个否定词缀或否定词,因此必须根
8、据不同的场合灵活地采取翻译方式。在句法层面上通过对部分否定﹑全部否定﹑双重否定和转移否定的对比研究,提出了利用直译﹑转译和反译三种方法对句子作出准确的翻译。关键词:否定结构;对比研究;翻译方法ContentsIntroduction11IntroductionofNegation21.1Overview