2、可认为足够安全;当时,有d>D,即前后车距小于刹车距离的理论值,不够安全.也就是说,“两秒准则”适用于车速不算很快的情况.另外,还可以通过绘图直观的解释“两秒准则”够不够安全.用以下MATLAB程序把刹车距离实测数据和“两秒准则”都画在同一幅图中(图1).v=(20:5:80).*0.44704;d2=[18,25,36,47,64,82,105,132,162,196,237,283,33422,31,45,58,80,103,131,165,202,245,295,353,41820,28,40.5,52.5,72,92.5,118,148.5,182,220.5,266,318,
3、376];d2=0.3048.*d2;k1=0.75;k2=0.082678;K2=2;d1=[v;v;v].*k1;d=d1+d2;plot([0,40],[0,K2*40],'k')holdonplot(0:40,polyval([k2,k1,0],0:40),':k')plot([v;v;v],d,'ok','MarkerSize',2)title('比较刹车距离实测数据、理论值和两秒准则')legend('两秒准则','刹车距离理论值',...'刹车距离的最小值、平均值和最大值',2)xlabel('车速v(m/s)')ylabel('距离(m)')holdoff图1(2)用最
4、大刹车距离除以车速,得到最大刹车距离所需要的尾随时间(表1),并以尾随时间为依据,提出更安全的“t秒准则”(表2)——后车司机根据车速快慢的范围,从前车经过某一标志开始,默数t秒钟之后到达同一标志.表1尾随时间车速(mph)车速(m/s)最大刹车距离(m)尾随时间(s)208.940813.4111.52511.17617.8311.59553013.41123.7741.77273515.64629.4131.87994017.88237.7952.11364520.11746.4822.31065022.35256.6932.53645524.58768.7322.79556026
5、.82281.6863.04556529.05896.4693.31997031.293113.393.62347533.528132.743.95918035.763154.234.3125表2t秒准则车速(mph)0~1010~3535~6060~75t(s)1234绘制图2的MATLAB程序:v=(20:5:80).*0.44704;d2=[18,25,36,47,64,82,105,132,162,196,237,283,33422,31,45,58,80,103,131,165,202,245,295,353,41820,28,40.5,52.5,72,92.5,118,14
6、8.5,182,220.5,266,318,376];d2=0.3048.*d2;k1=0.75;k2=0.082678;d=d2+[v;v;v].*k1;vi=0:40;plot([0,10*0.44704],[0,10*0.44704],'k',...vi,k1.*vi+k2.*vi.*vi,'k:',...[v;v;v],d,'ok','MarkerSize',2)legend('t秒准则','刹车距离理论值',...'刹车距离的最小值、平均值和最大值',2)holdonplot([10,35]*0.44704,2*[10,35]*0.44704,'k',...[35,60]*0
7、.44704,3*[35,60]*0.44704,'k',...[60,75]*0.44704,4*[60,75]*0.44704,'k')title('t秒准则,刹车距离的模型和数据')xlabel('车速v(m/s)')ylabel('距离(m)')holdoff图24.继续考虑2.3节“生猪出售时机”案例,假设在第t天的生猪出售的市场价格(元/公斤)为(1)其中h为价格的平稳率,取h=0.0002.其它模型假设和参数取值保持不变.(1)试