英汉翻译技巧练习i(student)

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1、英汉翻译技巧练习IPartIAnOverallIntroductionofTranslationSkillsI英汉两种语言对比1．所属语系与发展历史英语－印欧语系　汉语－汉藏语系2．语音3．语言的本质英语－综合性语言　汉语－分析性语言4．句法现象II英汉两种文化差异1．同一民族中亦存在文化差异：蛤蟆naughty叩手点心2．英汉文化间的差异a.思想观念、心理特征龙—dragon鹤—craneb.表达方式、审美情趣“愤怒出诗人”—“止怒莫若诗”“十里蛙声不断，九溪曲流潺潺”—“Youcanhearfrog’scontinuouscryingintenmilesand

2、canenjoythebabblingofthewindingstreams.”3．对文化词语和表达的处理文化词语，指的是充满汉语文化个性和特殊内涵的语言。a.直译法丢脸—toloseface/tobedisgraced纸老虎—papertiger/scarecrow骑虎难下—torideatiger/inchancery猫哭老鼠—catscryingforthedeathofrats/toshedcrocodiletearsb.直译加补充信息法下海铁饭碗跳槽父母官待业青年酒囊饭袋清明节c.释义法望子成龙和番金三角两手抓，两手都要硬d.同（近）义表达借用法得寸进尺

3、—Givehimaninch,andhe’lltakeanell.好聚好散—Merrymeet,merrypart.贪多嚼不烂—tobiteoffmorethanonecanchew皇天不负有心人—Heavenhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.14水中捞月—tofishintheair象只落汤鸡—likeadrownedrata.回译法忍者神龟—NinjaTurtles画王电视—bigscreenPanasonic米字旗—UnionJackflag中国菜馆—chopsueyhouseIII常见错误及解决方法1.不要生搬硬套汉语构词模式车、毛、

4、鱼、核、皮、桌2.Falsefriends（假朋友）休息室—restroom药店—drugstore白手—white-handed食言—eatone’swords茶叶店—tea-shop蛇皮袋—snakeskinbag3.隐含意义的分析倔强：intractable,mulishstatesman,politician他们热情照顾残疾客人。Theytookgoodcareofdisabledguests.我这位朋友很健谈。Myfriendisverytalkative.VI解释性翻译镶补，减肥，重组　EvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssays—

5、《天演论》Honeymoon—蜜月者，西人娶妇时，即挟其游历，经月而返。《黑奴吁天录》UncleTom’sCabinCashmere—御长裙，仙仙然描画不能肖。《茶花女》V参考字典1．《英汉大词典》陆谷孙主编上海译文出版社2．《汉英大辞典》吴光华主编上海交通大学出版社PartIITranslationPractice一、准确理解词义：I根据上下文辩明词义：Work:1.Heisworkinginthefactory.2.Heisworkingamachine.141.HeisworkingatEnglish.2.Theshipisworkingeastward.3

6、.Thegearsworksmoothly.4.Mywatchdoesn’twork.5.Thescrewworkedloose.6.Willthesemethodswork?7.Theyeasthasbeguntowork.8.Electriccomputersworkquicklyandaccurately.Hand:1.Soamsshookherhandandwentdownstairs.2.Heneverreadabookinhislifeandstillwritesaschoolboyhand.3.Itwouldbeliketryingtomakethe

7、handsofclockmovebackwardstoitsticking.4.Mr.Huntersuddenlyfailed,andallhandsinthemillwereturnedoff.Like:1.Helikesmathsmorethanphysics.2.Inthesunbeampassingthroughthewindowtherearefinegrainsofdustshininglikegold.3.Likeknowslike.4.Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.Last:1.Heisthelastm

8、antoc