chapter-4(软件工程双语)

chapter-4(软件工程双语)

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时间:2018-10-21

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1、Chapter4CapturingtheRequirements2007/2008LearningobjectivesExplainwhyitisnecessarytoelicitrequirementsfromsoftwarecustomers,andtheroleofrequirementsinthesoftwarelife-cycleIdentifythecharacteristicsthatmakeindividualrequirementsgoodorbad;Describethetypesofrequirementsthatshouldbeincludedin

2、arequirementsdocument;DescribethenotationsandmethodsthatcanbeusedforcapturingrequirementsExplainhowandwhyrequirementsreviewsshouldbedonetoensurequalityDescribehowtodocumentrequirementsforusebythedesignandtestteams4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESSrequirementArequirementisanexpressionofdesired(渴望的)

3、behaviorThegoaloftherequirementsphaseistounderstandthecustomer’sproblemandneedsDuringthespecificationphase,wewilldecidewhichrequirementswillbefulfilled(履行)byoursoftwaresystem;Duringthedesignphase,wewilldeviseaplaneforhowthespecifiedbehaviorwillbeimplementedThepersonperformingrequirementta

4、sksusuallyiscalledrequirementsanalystorsystemsanalyst4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESSProcessforcapturingtherequirements,FIGURE4.1Processforcapturingtherequirements引出分析详述确认4.2REQUIREMENTSELICITATIONRequirementselicitationisanespeciallycriticalpartoftheprocess.Wemustuseavarietyoftechniquestodeterm

5、inewhattheusersandcustomersreallywant.Itisonlybydiscussingtherequirementswitheveryonewhohasastakeinthesystem,coalescing(接合)thesedifferentviewsintoacoherent(粘在一起的,一致的,连贯的)setofrequirementsandreviewingthesedocumentswiththesestakeholdersthatweallcometoanagreementaboutwhattherequirementare.So

6、whoarethestakeholders(股东)ClientsCustomerUsersDomainexpertsMarketresearchersLawyerorauditorsSoftwareengineers4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTSfunctionalrequirementdescribesrequirementbehaviorintermsofrequiredactivities.Aqualityrequirement,ornonfunctionalrequirement,describessomequalitycharacteristicth

7、atthesoftwaresolutionmustpossess.Adesignconstraint(约束)isadesigndecisionthathasalreadybeenmadeandthatrestricts(限制,约束)thesetofsolutionstoourproblem.Aprocessconstraintisarestrictiononthetechniquesorresourcethatcanbeusedtobuildthesystem.4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTS1.Resolving(

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