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ID:22021564
大小:232.50 KB
页数:24页
时间:2018-10-21
《chapter-4(软件工程双语)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter4CapturingtheRequirements2007/2008LearningobjectivesExplainwhyitisnecessarytoelicitrequirementsfromsoftwarecustomers,andtheroleofrequirementsinthesoftwarelife-cycleIdentifythecharacteristicsthatmakeindividualrequirementsgoodorbad;Describethetypesofrequirementsthatshouldbeincludedin
2、arequirementsdocument;DescribethenotationsandmethodsthatcanbeusedforcapturingrequirementsExplainhowandwhyrequirementsreviewsshouldbedonetoensurequalityDescribehowtodocumentrequirementsforusebythedesignandtestteams4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESSrequirementArequirementisanexpressionofdesired(渴望的)
3、behaviorThegoaloftherequirementsphaseistounderstandthecustomer’sproblemandneedsDuringthespecificationphase,wewilldecidewhichrequirementswillbefulfilled(履行)byoursoftwaresystem;Duringthedesignphase,wewilldeviseaplaneforhowthespecifiedbehaviorwillbeimplementedThepersonperformingrequirementta
4、sksusuallyiscalledrequirementsanalystorsystemsanalyst4.1THEREQUIREMENTSPROCESSProcessforcapturingtherequirements,FIGURE4.1Processforcapturingtherequirements引出分析详述确认4.2REQUIREMENTSELICITATIONRequirementselicitationisanespeciallycriticalpartoftheprocess.Wemustuseavarietyoftechniquestodeterm
5、inewhattheusersandcustomersreallywant.Itisonlybydiscussingtherequirementswitheveryonewhohasastakeinthesystem,coalescing(接合)thesedifferentviewsintoacoherent(粘在一起的,一致的,连贯的)setofrequirementsandreviewingthesedocumentswiththesestakeholdersthatweallcometoanagreementaboutwhattherequirementare.So
6、whoarethestakeholders(股东)ClientsCustomerUsersDomainexpertsMarketresearchersLawyerorauditorsSoftwareengineers4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTSfunctionalrequirementdescribesrequirementbehaviorintermsofrequiredactivities.Aqualityrequirement,ornonfunctionalrequirement,describessomequalitycharacteristicth
7、atthesoftwaresolutionmustpossess.Adesignconstraint(约束)isadesigndecisionthathasalreadybeenmadeandthatrestricts(限制,约束)thesetofsolutionstoourproblem.Aprocessconstraintisarestrictiononthetechniquesorresourcethatcanbeusedtobuildthesystem.4.3TYPEOFREQUIREMENTS1.Resolving(
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