notes on some fundamental questions in the humanities based on progresses in brain research

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1、NotesonSomeFundamentalQuestionsintheHumanitiesBasedonProgressesinBrainResearchScientificprogressmayhelpusmakebreakthroughsinunderstandingtheessenceofhumannature.Therapidandstrongdevelopmentofbrainresearchinrecentdecadesmayindeedplaysucharole.Sinceancienttimes,humanbeingshavemittedthemselvestoth

2、inkingaboutquestionsconcerningtheessenceofhumanbeings.Thishasgraduallyculminatedinanumberofmonquestionsinthehumanities,especiallyinphilosophy.Recentdevelopmentintheneurosciencesiscausingarethinkingorreaanityquestions,andevenconstitutesachallengetothetraditionalansanitiesourneportantissuesintheh

3、umanitysciences：(I)Theessenceofthehumanmind,(Ⅱ)theconsciousandunconsciousbrain,and(Ⅲ)andthequestionofentalvieinddualismshouldbeexplainedbybrainmonism;amajorpartofthebrainsind/onpsychologicalsensedoesnotexist.Thesevieayseemtobeintense,butourgoalispurelyaboutthepursuitoftruth,becausethatisthesol

4、enormthatscientistsshouldpursueandfolloindDualismShouldbeExplainedbyBrainmonism　　SinceDescartes,philosophershavealofdualism：mindandmatteraretaterial)matter,duringthelaststageoftheneuronalprocessing,zoomfromtheobjectivefieldintoapletelydifferentpropertyfield,i.e.thesubjectivefieldofthemind？Hoou

5、ntofliteratureon″PhilosophyofMind″simmersedinthediscussionofthisquestion.Asbrainscientists,ouransindisnotsubjective,itisobjective/matter.Itisoneofthepropertiesofourbrain,andisasobjectiveastheother″propertiesofobjectivethings.″Sincetheentalprocessesactuallyareprocessesofthebrain,Descartesproblem

6、hasdisappeared,asChurchland(2008)rightlyconcluded［1］．　　Themindistheresultofour100billionbraincellsindisproducedbythebrainbyactionpotentials,neurotransmittersandsynapticchanges,resultinginchangesinactivityofbraincellsandinteractionsofbrainareas.Otherproductsofthebrainaretheregulationofbodyfun

7、ctionsbytheautonomicnervoussystem,motorbehavior,andthereleaseofhormones.Fromananatomicpointofvieindistheproductofthe″extra″braintissuethatice,butalsoelephantsanduchlessmindthanentalstatessuchasvision,pain,pleasure,happiness,