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1、【托福听力备考】TPO13听力文本——Lecture1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。TPO13Lecture1CityplanningNarrator:Listentopartofalectureinacityplanningclass.Professor:Inthelast50yearsorso,manyAmericancitieshavehaddifficultiesinmaintainingasuccessf
2、ulretailenvironment.Businessownersinthecitycentersorthedowntownareashaveexperiencedsomefinanciallosses,becauseofasteadymovementofpeopleoutofthecitiesandintothesuburbs.Ingeneral,downtownareas,justdon’thavethatmanyresidentialareas,notthatmanypeoplelivethere.Sowhathavecityplannersdecide
3、dtodoaboutit?Well,onewaythey’vecomeupwithsomewaystoattractmorepeople,toshopdowntownwasbycreatingpedestrianmalls.Now,whatisapedestrianmall?It’saprettysimpleconceptreally,itisessentiallyanoutdoorshoppingareadesignedjustforpeopleonfoot.And…well,unlikemanyothershoppingmallsthatarebuiltin
4、thesuburbsnowadays,thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareaofthecity.And...oh...therearefeatureslikewhitesidewalks,comfortableoutdoorseatingandmaybeevenfountains,and...youknow,art.Therearevariationsonthismodelofcourse,butthecommondenominatorisalwaystheideaofcreatingas
5、hoppingspacethatwillgetpeopletoshopinthecitywithoutneedingtheircars.SoIamsureyoucanseehowhavinganareathat’soff-limitstoautomobiletrafficwouldbeidealforaheavilypopulatedcitywhere,well,thestreetswouldotherwisebebustlingwithnoisy,unpleasanttrafficcongestion.Nowtheconceptwhichoriginatedi
6、nEuropewasadoptedbyAmericancityplannersinthelate1950s.Andsincethen,anumberofUnitesStates’citieshavecreatedpedestrianmalls.Andmanyofthemhavebeenhighlysuccessful.Sowhathavecityplannerslearnedaboutmakingthesemallssucceed?Well,therearetwocriticalfactorstoconsiderwhencreatingapedestrianma
7、ll---locationanddesign.Bothofwhichareequallyimportant.Nowlet’sstartwiththelocation.Inchoosingaspecificlocationforapedestrianmall,thereareinfacttwoconsiderations.Proximitytopotentialcustomers,um…that’swe’dcallacustomerbaseandaccessibilitytopublictransportationwhichwewillgettoinjustamo
8、ment.Now,for
