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1、【托福听力备考】托福TPO1听力文本——Lecture1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。Lecture1PsychologyNarrator：Listentopartofapsychologylecture.Theprofessorisdiscussingbehaviorism.Professor：Now,manypeopleconsiderJohnWatsontobethef
2、ounderofbehaviorism.Andlikeotherbehaviorists,hebelievedthatpsychologistsshouldstudyonlythebehaviorstheycanobserveandmeasure.They’renotinterestedinmentalprocesses.Whileapersoncoulddescribehisthoughts,nooneelsecanseeorhearthemtoverifytheaccuracyofhisreport.Butonethi
3、ngyoucanobserveismuscularhabits.WhatWatsondidwastoobservemuscularhabitsbecauseheviewedthemasamanifestationofthinking.Onekindofhabitsthathestudiedarelaryngealhabits.Watsonthoughtlaryngealhabits...youknow,fromlarynx,inotherwords,relatedtothevoicebox...hethoughtthose
4、habitswereanexpressionofthinking.Hearguedthatforveryyoungchildren,thinkingisreallytalkingoutloudtooneselfbecausetheytalkoutloudevenifthey’renottryingtocommunicatewithsomeoneinparticular.Astheindividualmatures,thatoverttalkingtooneselfbecomescoverttalkingtooneself,
5、butthinkingstillshowsupasalaryngealhabit.Oneofthebitsofevidencethatsupportsthisisthatwhenpeoplearetryingtosolveaproblem,they,um,typicallyhaveincreasedmuscularactivityinthethroatregion.Thatis,ifyouputelectrodesonthethroatandmeasuremusclepotential—muscleactivity—you
6、discoverthatwhenpeoplearethinking,likeifthey’rediligentlytryingtosolveaproblem,thatthereismuscularactivityinthethroatregion.So,Watsonmadetheargumentthatproblemsolving,orthinking,canbedefinedasasetofbehaviors—asetofresponses—andinthiscasetheresponseheobservedwasthe
7、throatactivity.That’swhathemeanswhenhecallsitalaryngealhabit.Now,asIamthinkingaboutwhatIamgoingtobesaying,mymusclesinmythroatareresponding.So,thinkingcanbemeasuredasmuscleactivity.Now,themotortheory...yes?Student：ProfessorBlake,um,didhehappentolookatpeoplewhosign?
8、Imeandeafpeople?Professor：Uh,hedidindeed,um,andtojumpahead,whatonefindsindeafindividualswhousesignlanguagewhenthey’regivenproblemsofvariouskinds,theyhav
