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1、TheCancerKillerYaoQiangRenalDivision,RenjiHospital,SSMU2005.5WordsintheshortTreatmentwithdrugsthatkillcancercells.ChemotherapyTheuseofhigh-energyradiationfromx-rays,gammarays,neutrons,andothersourcestokillcancercellsandshrinktumors.RadiotherapyRadiationmaycome
2、fromamachineoutsidethebody(external-beamradiationtherapy),oritmaycomefromradioactivematerialplacedinthebodynearcancercells(internalradiationtherapy,implantradiation,orbrachytherapy).Systemicradiotherapyusesaradioactivesubstance,suchasaradiolabeledmonoclonalant
3、ibody,thatcirculatesthroughoutthebody.Alsocalledradiationtherapy.Treatmentusingmorethanoneanticancerdrug.Chemicalcombination(combinationchemotherapy)WordsintheshortCancerthatstartsinblood-formingtissuesuchasthebonemarrow,andcauseslargenumbersofbloodcellstobepr
4、oducedandenterthebloodstream.LeukemiaAbnormalcellsthatareconfinedtotheductsorlobulesinthebreast.BreastcancerAmalignantdiseaseofthelymphaticsystemthatischaracterizedbypainlessenlargementoflymphnodes,thespleen,orotherlymphatictissue.Othersymptomsmayincludefever,
5、weightloss,fatigue,ornightsweats.AlsocalledHodgkin'slymphoma.HodgkindiseaseThyroidcancerSkincancerWordsintheshortInmedicine,animprovementrelatedtotreatmentResponse有反应Thereturnofsignsandsymptomsofcancerafteraperiodofimprovement.Relapse复发Adecreaseinordisappearan
6、ceofsignsandsymptomsofcancer.Remission缓解Inpartialremission,some,butnotall,signsandsymptomsofcancerhavedisappeared.Incompleteremission,allsignsandsymptomsofcancerhavedisappeared,althoughcancerstillmaybeinthebody.Acellfromwhichothertypesofcellsdevelop.Bloodcells
7、developfromblood-formingstemcells.Stemcells干细胞Bonemarrowtransplantation骨髓移植Breakthrough突破Lifethreatening威胁生命WordsintheshortCancerthatdoesnotrespondtotreatment.Drugresistant抗药物性AnychangeintheDNAofacell.Mutation突变Mutationsmaybecausedbymistakesduringcelldivision,
8、ortheymaybecausedbyexposuretoDNA-damagingagentsintheenvironment.Mutationscanbeharmful,beneficial,orhavenoeffect.Iftheyoccurincellsthatmakeeggsorsperm,theycanbeinherited;ifmutations
