gildas_club （上海交大仁济临床医学院《医学专业英语》课件ppt）

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1、Makingbabies:GeneticallyCorrectZhiHuaRanThedepartmentofGastroenterologyRenJiHospitalAGlossaryofGeneticsTermsGene:basicunitofinheritanceforalllivingorganismsGenome:GeneticendowmentofaspeciesGenemapping:DetermininglocationofgenesonchromosomeGenesequencing:Determiningidenti

2、tyofgenesfromthedistinctiveorder(sequence)ofbasepairs,suchasA-TandG-CChromosome:Threadlikestructureinthenucleiofplantandanimalcells;itcarriesthelinearlyarrangedgeneticunits(genes)AGlossaryofGeneticsTermsNucleicacid:Large,chainlikemoleculeofphosphricacid,sugarandpurineandp

3、yrimidinebasesMarker:GenewithaknownlocationonachromosomeTemplate:Macromolecularmodelforanothermacromolecule,asinthesynthesisofRNAfromaDNAtemplateTransgenic:Organism,suchasamouse,containingexperimentallytransferredgeneticmaterialfromanotherorganism,suchasmammalMutation:Abr

4、uptchangeinthegenotypeofanorganismthatisnottheresultofrecombinationAGlossaryofGeneticsTermsRecombination:FormationinoffspringofgeneticcombinationsnotpresentinparentsGenotype:ThegeneticconstitutionofanindividualPhenotype:Theobservablecharactersofanorganism;theresultofthewa

5、ythegenesareexpressedGeneticdefect:Pathologicalchangesthatoccurbyduplication,deletionorrearrangementofDNATranscription:TheprocessbywhichRNAisformedfromDNANucleotide:ThestructuralunitofnucleicacidAGlossaryofGeneticsTermsRT-PCR:ReversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreactionGen

6、etherapy:AtechniqueforcorrectingdefectivegenesresponsiblefordiseasedevelopmentDNAmicroarray:Anexperimentaltoolforobtaininghigh-throughputgeneexpressiondataStemcell:havetheremarkablepotentialtodevelopintomanydifferentcelltypesinthebody.Servingasasortofrepairsystemforthebod

7、y,theycantheoreticallydividewithoutlimittoreplenishothercellsaslongasthepersonoranimalisstillalive.Whenastemcelldivides,eachnewcellhasthepotentialtoeitherremainastemcellorbecomeanothertypeofcellwithamorespecializedfunction,suchasamusclecell,aredbloodcell,orabraincell.Mile

8、stonesofGeneticsDiscoverthedouble-helixstructureofDNA---byJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickMappingthehu