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1、语言学Linguistics10英语本科2012—2013学年（秋季）任课教师：黄清贵ImportanceofLanguageandItsFunctionsDefinitionofLanguageLanguage,Langue&ParoleClassificationsofLanguageWeekI&IIBasicKnowledgeofLanguage:FunctionsandClassificationWhenyougotoacountry,youmustlearnhowtosaytwothings:ho
2、wtoaskforfood,andtotellawomanthatyouloveher.Ofthesethesecondismoreimportant,forifyoutellawomanyoulovehershewillcertainlyfeedyou.(LouisL'Amour)Thethree-leggedstoolofunderstandingisheldupbyhistory,languages,andmathematics.Equippedwiththesethreeyoucanlearnany
3、thingyouwanttolearn.Butifyoulackanyoneofthemyouarejustanotherignorantpeasantwithdungonyourboots.(RobertA.Heinlein)Questions:What’sthefunctionsofLanguage?DanSperberDeirdreWilsonCommunicationisonlythe“curiousadditionaluse(oflanguage)”(Sperber&Wilson)Iscommun
4、icationtheessentialfunctionoflanguage?1)InformativefunctionA:这东西很值钱罢？B：Sure!值不少钱，Plentyofdough。并且这东西不比书画，买书画买了假的，一文不值，只等于Wastepaper。磁器假的，至少还可以盛菜盛饭。我有时请外国friends吃饭，就用那个康熙窖“油底蓝五彩”大盘做saladdish，他们都觉得古色古香，菜的味道也有点old-time。A：张先生眼光一定好，不会买假东西。（钱钟书，FortressBesieged）
5、Q:Whatmessagesdoestheaboveconversationcarryandwhatinformationcanweworkoutofit?2)InterpersonalFunctionFormalnessofdiction“他并无中文难达的新意，需要借英文来讲；所以他说话里嵌的英文字，还比不得嘴里嵌的金牙，因为金牙不仅妆点，尚可使用，只好比牙缝里嵌的肉屑，表示饭菜吃得好，此外全无用处”botheducated,atleastfromthecode-switchingbehaviorofB.
6、personalityofBafoolishlyconceitedmanwhocannotaffordtomissanychanceoflecturingpeople.code-switchingdistanceInterpersonalFunctionsociologicalaspectoflanguageuse.Thekeytotheunderstandingofinterpersonalfunctionoflanguageisthewordsthatpeoplechoosetointeractwith
7、others.“老爷”“奴才”,“兄弟”Languagemarksouridentity,physicallyintermsofage,sex,andvoiceprints;psychologicallyintermsoflanguage,personalityandintelligence;geographicallyintermsofaccentsanddialects;ethnicallyandsociallyintermsofsocialstratification,class,status,rol
8、e,solidarityanddistance.Thisfunction“referstoexpressionsthathelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelations,suchasslangs,jokes,jargons,ritualisticexchanges,switchestosocialandregionaldialects”culture-specificands
