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1、BaselIIforNon–BaselIIBanksByMarcIntraterhereleaseinJuneoftheInternationalCon-ductioninoverallsolvencystandards,ratherthanthevergenceofCapitalMeasurementandCapitalincreasethatwasoriginallyenvisaged.Forexample,TStandards:ARevisedFramework,betterknownsincetheimplementationofBaselI,Britishb
2、anksasBaselII,hasmadebignewsacrossthebankinghavereducedtheirregulatorycapitalrequirementsindustryinmuchoftheworld.HereintheUnitedfrom7.3percentofassetsto4.4percent.States,however,itquicklyfadedtothebackpages.AtthesametimethatthisarbitragewasmakingWithU.S.regulatorsannouncingthatonlythel
3、argestregulatorycapitallessrelevant,leadingbankswerebankswouldberequiredtoadopttheframework,developinginternaleconomiccapitalattributionmanybankershaveerroneouslyconcludedthatitisframeworks.ThesetookthecoreideaofBaselI—thatsafetoignoreBaselII.Infact,thenewaccordrepre-capitalneedstobehel
4、dproportionaltotherisksofsentsasignificantchangefortheindustryandwilldifferentactivities(“risk-weightedcapital”)—andaffectbanks,largeandsmall,inanumberofimpor-appliedthesophisticationofmodernfinancialtheorytantways,includingriskmanagement,loanpricing,andthepowerofmoderncomputing.Theresult
5、ingbalance-sheetmanagement,competitivepositioningframeworksevaluatedtheriskofeachactivityinandpossiblyevenindustryconsolidation.BaselIIaverydifferentiatedmannerandallocatedcapitalwillmattertoeveryone.accordingly.BankshaveusedthesemodelstodriveTheoriginalBaselCapitalAccord(BaselI),an-bot
6、htactics(suchasindividualloanpricing)andnouncedin1988andimplementedin1992,becamestrategy(suchasthemovebymanylargebanksthebasisforbankcapitalregulationinmorethanawayfromon-balance-sheetcorporatelending).100countries.Itsstatedaimsweretoincreaselevelsofcapitalinthebankingindustry,whichhadd
7、roppedTheRevisedFrameworksignificantlysince1970,andtocreatealevelplay-ingfieldforbanksfromdifferentcountries.JudgedInresponsetothesepressures,theBaselCommitteebytheseobjectives,BaselIwasinitiallyasuccess.spentseveralyearsindevelopingARevisedFrame-Thecapitalizationlevelsofbanksaro
