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1、MotivationandAddictionNeuroscienceExploringtheBrainChapter16吴鎏桢WULiuzhenresearcherNeuroscienceResearchInstitute,PekingUniversityThelong-termregulationoffeedingbehaviorbymotivation(1)EnergyBalance(2)hormonal,hypothalamicregulationofbodyfat,feeding(3)bodyfatandfoodconsumption(4)theh
2、ypothalamusandfeeding(5)theeffectsofdecreasedleptinlevelonthehypothalamus(6)theeffectsofelevatedleptinlevelonthehypothalamus(7)thecontroloffeedingbylateralhypothalamicpeptides吴鎏桢基础Loadingandemptyingthebody'senergyreserves.(a)Afterameal,whenweareintheprandialstate,excessenergyissto
3、redasglycogenorastriglycerides.吴鎏桢基础(b)Betweenmeals,whenweareinthepostabsorptivestate,theglycogenandtriglyceridesarebrokendown(catabolized)intosmallermoleculesthatcanbeusedasfuelbythecellsofthebody.吴鎏桢基础Energybalanceandbodyfat.(a)Normalenergybalanceleadstonormaladiposity.(b)Prolon
4、gedpositiveenergybalanceleadstoobesity,(c)Prolongednegativeenergybalanceleadstostarvation.吴鎏桢基础Maintenanceofbodyweightaroundasetvalue.Bodyweightisnormallystable.Ifananimalisforce-fed,itwillgainweight.Theweightislost,however,assoonastheanimalcanregulateitsownfoodintake.Similarly,we
5、ightlostduringaperiodofstarvationisrapidlygainedwhenfoodisfreelyavailable.吴鎏桢基础Ob:obesityBarHarborJacksonLabs吴鎏桢基础Regulationofbodyfatbyacirculatinghormone.Ifageneticallyobeseob/obmouseissurgicallyfusedwithanormalmousesothatbloodbomesignalsarenowsharedbetweentheanimals,theobesityof
6、theob/obmouseisgreatlymoderated.吴鎏桢基础Alteredfeedingbehaviorandbodyweightresulteingfrombilaterallesionsoftherathypothalamus.(a)Thelateralhypothalamicsyndrome,characterizedbyanorexia,iscausedbylesionsofthelateralhypothatamus.(b)Theventromedialhypothalamicsyndrome,characterizedbyobes
7、ity,iscausedbylesionsoftheventromedialhypothalamus.(LHA)(VMH)吴鎏桢基础Hypothalamicnucleiimportantforthecontroloffeeding.(a)Amidsagittalviewofthehumanbrain,showingthelocationofthehypothalamus(b)Acoronalsectionofthehumanbrain,showing,inpart,threeimportantnucleiforthecontroloffeeding:the
8、arcuatenucleus,theparaventricular
