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1、Chapter2SomeBasicConceptsandWordMeaningsI.SomeBasicConceptsWhatisword?aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.RevisionI.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme（词素，形位）1.Definition:(morphe:theGreekwordfor“form”,-eme:“classof”)Themorpheme
2、saretheultimategrammaticalconstituents,thesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.Themorphemeisthesmallestfunctioningunitsinthecompositionofwords.I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme1.Definitione.g.denaturalizationde-:showsanopposite;nature:everythinginthephysicalworld;-a
3、l:ororconcerning;-ize:causetobemore…,make…;-ation:theact,state,orresultof…;I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme1.Definitione.g.studies,studying,studiedstudymorphemes-es,-ing,-ed:I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemes1)freemorphemes:themorphemesthathavecompl
4、etemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentencesfreerootse.g.man,earth,wind,car,angerI.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemesrecollection:re+collect+ionidealistic:Ideal+ist+icex-prisoner:ex+prison+er2)boundmorphemes:themorphemeswhic
5、hcannotoccurasseparatewordsI.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemese.g.ante-:(prefix)before-ced-:(boundroot)approach,gotoent:(suffix)aperson,athingantecedent:sb.orsth.thatgoesbefore2)boundmorphemes:I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemesboundro
6、ot:2)boundmorphemes:partofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreefoot.Unlikeafreefoot,itisaboundformandhastocombinewithothermorphemestomakewords.I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemesboundroot:2)boundmorphemes:e.g.–dict-contradict:speaka
7、gainstaLatinroot:say/speakpredict:tellbeforehandcontradiction,prediction,contradictor,predictor,dictate,diction,dictionary,etc.Latin/GreekI.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemesaffixes:2)boundmorphemes:theformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomod
8、ifymeaningorfunction.I.SomeBasicConceptsi.Morpheme2.TypesofMorphemesaffixes:2)boundmorphemes:Inflectionalaffixes:affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsderivation
