chapter 1 basic concepts

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1、Chapter1Basicconcepts要求深刻理解与熟练掌握的重点内容有：1.理想元件与电路模型概念,线性与非线性的概念。2.电压、电流及其参考方向的概念。3.电阻元件、电感元件、电容元件,电压源、电流源和受控源的伏安关系及功率的计算。4.基尔霍夫电流定律和基尔霍夫电压定律。要求一般理解与掌握的内容有：5.时变与非时变的概念。难点：参考方向，受控源，功率计算。•1-1Introduction•1-2BasicConceptsandSystemofUnits•1-3ChargeandCurrent•1.4Voltage•1.5Poweran

2、dEnergy•1-6CircuitElements•1-9SummaryandReview1-1Introductioninstrumentation仪表topology拓扑TheschematicdiagramtheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)国际单位制theGeneralConferenceonWeightsandMeasures国际计量大会原理图1.Termselectron电子proton质子neutronanexternalelectromotiveforce(emf)外电动势potentialdifference

3、电位差instantaneouspower瞬时功率中子First,areal-worldproblemisidentified;second,theproblemismodeled;third,themodelisanalyzed;andfourth,theresultsareappliedtotheoriginalphysicalproblem.2.Whystartwithcircuittheory?Thesolutionofanengineeringproblemnormallyproceeds:ThesixbasicSIunitsQuantitybas

4、icunitSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsElectriccurrentampereAThermodynamictemperaturekelvinKLuminousintensitycandelacd热力学的光强度绝对温标1-2BasicConceptsandSystemofUnits1.2.1SystemofUnits1.2.2BasicConceptsAnelectriccircuitisaninterconnectionofelectricalelements.Activeelements:cap

5、ableofgeneratingenergy,suchasgenerators,batteriesetc.Passiveelements:resistors,capacitorsandinductors•Idealcircuitelements:理想电路元件•Lumpedparameterelements集中参数元件•Idealindependentsource理想电源元件•Idealload理想负载元件•Idealcouplingelements理想耦合元件•Lumpedparameterelements&distributedelements集中参数与分

6、布参数Chargeisanelectricalpropertyatomicparticlesofwhichmatterconsists,measuredincoulombs(C)Anelectrone=-1.602×10－19CIn1Cofcharge,thereare1/(1.602×10-19)=6.24×1018electrons3.ThelawofconservationofchargeNote1-3ChargeandCurrent1.3.1Charge电荷Electriccurrentisthetimerateofchangeofcharge,me

7、asuredinamperes(A).1A=1C/1s(秒)1kA=1000A，1mA=10-3A，1A=10-6A，1nA=10－9A1.3.2Current电流：Analternativecurrent(ac)isacurrentthatvariessinusoidallywithtime.时变电流Andre-MarieAmpere(1775-1836)安培Adirectcurrent(dc)isacurrentthatremainsconstantwithtime.直流电流Tospecifythecurrentinaconductor,weneedb

8、othareferencedirectionandn