（脑膨出_脑疝）课件

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1、Encephalocele（脑膨出）what’sthedifference?CompanyLogoBrainherniation（脑疝）Encephalocele（脑膨出）ORDefinitionEncephaloceleisaneuraltubedefectcharacterizedbysac-likeprotrusionsofthebrainandthemembranesthatcoveritthroughopeningsintheskull.Thesedefectsarecausedbyfailureoftheneuraltubetoclosecompletelyduringfetald

2、evelopment.BrainherniationBrainherniation(脑疝)isapotentiallydeadlysideeffectofveryhighintracranialpressurethatoccurswhenapartofthebrainissqueezedacrossstructureswithintheskull.Herniationcanbecausedbyanumberoffactorsthatcauseamasseffectandincreaseintracranialpressure(ICP):theseincludetraumaticbraininj

3、ury,intracranialhemorrhage,orbraintumor.CompanyLogoCompanyLogoContents1234ClassificationsCausesSymptomsDiagnosis5TreatmentClassificationsEncephalocelesaregenerallyclassifiedasnasofrontal,naso-ethmoidal,ornaso-orbital,however,therecanbesomeoverlapinthetypeofencephalocele.Ifthebulgingportioncontainson

4、lycerebrospinalfluidandtheoverlayingmembrane,itmaybecalledameningocele.Ifbraintissueispresent,itmaybereferredtoasanmeningoencephalocele.CompanyLogoClassificationsAccordingtothediseaselocation:Nasofrontal(鼻额骨型)encephalocelesNasoethmoidal(筛鼻骨型)encephalocelesNaso-orbital(鼻眶型)encephalocelesAccordingtoco

5、ntentsofthebulgingportion:Meningocele(脑脊髓膜膨出)cerebrospinalfluidandthecoveringmembrane.Meningoencephalocele(脑脑膜膨出)Briantissueandthecoveringmembrane.CompanyLogoCausesAlthoughtheexactcauseisunknown,itiscausedbyfailureoftheneuraltubetoclosecompletelyduringfetaldevelopment.3primarycauses:Teratogens(致畸剂)(

6、substancesknowntocausebirthdefects.)Trypanblue(台盼蓝)(astainusedtocolordeadtissuesorcellsblue.)Arsenic(砷剂)CompanyLogonitritecommonteratogenSymptomsItisoftenaccompaniedbycraniofacialabnormalitiesorotherbrainmalformations.Majorsymptomsmayinclude:Hydrocephalus(cerebrospinalfluidaccumulatedinthebrain),Spa

7、sticquadriplegia(paralysisofthelimbs),Microcephaly(anabnormallysmallhead),Ataxia(uncoordinatedmusclemovement),Developmentaldelay,visionproblems,Mentalandgrowthretardation.CompanyLogoDiagnosisUsually,e