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时间:2018-10-12
《豫南籼改粳理论与技术研究进展》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、豫南“籼改粳”理论与技术研究进展宋晓华刘秋员彭波段斌何世界李慧龙张波苤世枝信阳市农业科学院信阳农林学院农学院信阳师范学院摘要:简要介绍了豫南稻区“籼改粳”的基本情况和在理论技术方面的研宄进展。高温、稻瘟病和纹枯病、三代三化螟危害是豫南粳稻产量低、品质差的三大障碍因子,而播期早是产生障碍的根源,推迟粳稻播期是“籼改粳”的关键技术;豫南“籼稻-小麦”轮作存在制度缺陷,推迟粳稻播期可以得到修复,因秧龄过长而减产、机插秧以及抛秧难以利用等问题得到解决;增产提质、机械化、轻简化、规模化生产是“籼改粳”的必然选择;“东粳西移”是解决豫南粳稻品种利用的有效途径;机插秧、抛秧有利于实现粳稻推迟播种,而“泥质法
2、”育秧解决了高温条件下育秧的问题,提高了机插秧、抛秧的秧茁素质;粳稻晚播稻瘟病、纹枯病和三化螟已不再是豫南“籼改粳”的毁灭性病虫害,恶苗病、干尖线虫病、稻蓟马、稻曲病上升为主要病虫害;水稻两段栽培技术是根据水稻高产稳产生长发育规律,分别从群体、形态和机能构建三个方面进行栽培设计,按照营养生长和生殖生长两个阶段进行定向培育的一种栽培方法,不仅高产稳产,而且减肥减药。关键词:水稻;豫南稻区;籼改粳;研宄进展;作者简介:宋晓平songxhl985@qq.com;作者简介:宋世枝ssz669@163.com收稿日期:2017-09-25基金:河南省重大科技专项(121100110200)Researc
3、hProgressontheTheoryandTechnologyofaChangingIndicaRicetoJaponicaRice”inSouthHenanSONGXiaohuaLIUQiuyuanPENGBoDUANBinHEShijieLIHuilongZHANGBoSONGShizhiXinyangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences;DepartmentofAgriculturalSciences,XinyangCollegeofAgricultureandForestry;XinyangNormalUniversity;Abstract:Thispaper
4、brieflyintroducedthebasicsituationandtheoreticalandtechnologicalprogressof“changingindicaricetojaponicarice”inthesouthofHenanProvince.Hightemperature,riceblastandsheathblight,thethreegenerationofstemborerdam-agewerethethreeobstaclefactorstothelowyieldandpoorqualityofjaponicariceinSouthHenan,andearly
5、sowingwastherootcause,delayingsowingtimeofjaponicaricewasthekeytechnologyof“changingindicaricetojaponicarice”;institutionaldefectsof“indicarice-wheat’’rotationinsouthHenancouldberepairedbydelayedsowingtimeofjaponicarice,reductionofoutputbecauseofthelongseedlingagetransplanting,mechanicaltransplantin
6、gandthrow-plantingdifficulttoutilizecouldbesolved;toincreasepro-ductionandimprovequality,toadapttomechanization,lightsimplificationandlarge-scaleproduction,wastheinevitablechoicefor“changingindicaricetojaponicarice”;“eastjaponicaricetowest’’wasaneffectivewaytosolvevarietyutilizationofjaponicariceins
7、outhernHenan;mechanicaltransplantingandthrow-plantingwereinfavorofrealizingdelayingsowingofjaponicarice,and“siltopenseedlingraising"solvedtheproblemofraisingseedlingsunderhightemperatureconditions,and
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