introduction to cognitive psychology 认知心理学 英文课件.ppt

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1、IntroductiontoCognitivePsychologyWhatisCognitivePsychology?CognitivepsychologyisthestudyofmentalprocessesWhatisCognitivePsychology?CognitivePsychologyversusBehaviorismBehavioralPsych:howSmapsontoRCognitivePsych:whathappensinthemindBothcanuseformulastomapSontoRThedifferenceislevelofcomplexit

2、yEnvironmentMindSRWhatisCognitivePsychology?CognitivePsychologyversusNeurobiologyNeurobiology:howdoesthebraindoit?CognitivePsych:howdoestheminddoit?BothcanuseneuronstodescribemindThedifferenceisbehavior(thebigpicture)WhatisCognitivePsychology?Metaphor:mind=WindowsBehaviorists:“Whathappenswh

3、enIpressAlt-Tab?Cool!Itswitchedtomylastopenapplication!!”Buthowdoesthatwork?Neurobiologists:“Checkthisout,theharddriveandtheRAMarebothconnectedtothemotherboard!”Butwhatdoesthatmean?CognitivePsychologists:“PressingAlt-Tabswitchesmebetweenapplications,andIknowthatWindowsusesSTM…Let’sproposeam

4、odelofWindowswhereitstoreswhichappsareopeninSTM,andwhenauserhitsAlt-Tab,itswitchesbetweenopenapps.”WhatisCognitivePsychology?CognitivePsychologyversusArtificialIntelligence(AI)AI:what’sthebestwaytodothis?CognitivePsych:howdohumansdothis?BothtrytomodelsomeformofmindThedifferenceisfidelityBra

5、inisoptimal:IfAItrulywantstofindoptimalitytheyshouldstudyCognitivePsychology.WhystudyCognitivePsychologyUnderstandingthemindEducationMedicineTherapyArtificialIntelligenceTool/InterfaceDesignGaming/EntertainmentEtc.WhatisinvolvedinCognitionThebooklists:Perception,Attention,Memory,Problem-Sol

6、ving,Language,Reasoning,&Decision-makingThisisnotacomprehensivelistofmentalprocessesTheseprocessesarenotindependentofoneanotherE.g.attentionmaybepartofperception;languagemaybepartofmemoryanddecision-making,etc.ComplexityofCognitionFigure1.1(p.3)-ComplexityofCognitionSarahiswalkingtowardherf

7、riend,whoiswavinginthedistance.Sheisawareofherfriend,buthaslittleawarenessofthestrangerwhoispassingonherright,eventhoughheismuchcloser.Whatweareawareof…Thecomplexitiesofcognitionareusuallyhiddenfromourconsciousness.TheMagicofCognitionInourliveswearelikel