遗传学英文词汇

《遗传学英文词汇》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、Genetics2011GeneticsGlossariesHeredity遗传Variation变异Mendel’slaw孟德尔定律Lawofsegregation分离定律Lawofindependentassortment自由组合定律Inheritance遗传特征Trait特征Full/Constrict饱满/收缩Pod荚Axial/Terminal轴生/顶生Stem茎Monohybridcross单基因杂交Postulate假说Dominance/Recessiveness显性/隐形Gamete配子Likelihood可

2、能性Punnettsquare旁那特方格/棋盘法Genetype基因型Allele等位基因Homozygote/Heterozygous纯合子/杂合子Phenotype表现型Testcross测交Dihybridcross双因子杂交Chi-squaretest卡方测验Pedigree系谱Huntingtondisease亨廷顿舞蹈症Cysticfibrosis囊性纤维化（胰腺病）Verticalinheritance垂直遗传特性Horizontalinheritance水平遗传特性Incompletedominance不完全显

3、性Semidominance半显性Codominance共显性Multiplealleles复等位基因Lethalgene致死基因Chromosome染色体Haploid单倍体Diploid二倍体Karyotype核型Sexchromosome/Autosome性/常染色体Parental亲本的Maternal母系的Subsequent随后的Meiosis减数分裂Drosophila果蝇Fruitfly果蝇Hemizygous半合子的Color-blindnenss色盲Descendant后代Hormone荷尔蒙Mitosis

4、有丝分裂Complement互补MeiosisI/II减数分裂I/II期Nondisjunction不分离Red-greencolorblindness红绿色盲Sex-linked伴性的Hemophilia血友病Deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）Nuclei核6Genetics2011Principle组分Predominance优势Phage噬菌体Doublehelix双螺旋Complementarypairing互补配对Prokaryote原核生物Eukaryote真核生物Nucleotide核

5、苷酸Uracil尿嘧啶Thymine胸腺嘧啶Adenine腺嘌呤Guanine鸟嘌呤Cytosine胞嘧啶Ribonucleotide核糖核苷酸Splicing剪接Forward/reversemutation正向/反向突变Rearrangement重排Spontaneousmutation自发突变Haploid单倍体Susceptibility敏感性Mutagen诱变剂Bactericide杀菌剂Fluctuation波动Polymerase聚合酶Proofreading校对Crossing-over互换Transposon

6、转座子Baseanalog碱基类似物Intercalator插入剂Alkyltransferase烷基Homology-dependent同源依赖Excision切除Methyl甲基Mismatch错配Error-prone易错的Nonhomologousend-joining非同源末端接合Xerodermapigmentosum着色性干皮病Alkaptonuria尿黑酸症Hypothesis假说Neurospora脉胞菌Transgenic转基因Recombinant重组的Donor供体Restrictionenzyme限制

7、性内切酶Fragment碎片Vector载体Transformation转导Amplification扩增Endonuclease核酸内切酶Degrade降解Palindrome回文Overhang悬突体Isoschizomer同切酶Isocaudarner同尾酶Gelelectrophoresis凝胶电泳Partialdigestion部分消化Infer推断Selectablemarker可选标记Drugresistance抗药性Ligation连接反应6Genetics2011Ligase连接酶Stickyend粘性末端B

8、luntend平整末端Autonomous自主的Plaque噬菌斑Intron内含子Probing探测Geneticlinkage遗传连锁Chiasmata复交叉Chromosomebreakage染色体断裂Abnormality异常Geneticmarker遗传标记Prog