health care systems[卫生保健系统 ](ppt-51)

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1、HealthCareSystemsNevadaHealthScienceHistoryofHealthCareHippocrates–400BCNativeAmericans–herbaltherapyVariousbeliefs:Creditedhealth&illnesstomoodsofGods.Othersusedreasontoattempttoexplaindiseases.Religion–Greektempleofhealing.Ancientpeoplesevenperformedsurgery.Whenandhowdidhealthca

2、rebegin?HistoryofHealthCareManuscriptsandbookswerehandcopiedasmedicalknowledgeincreased.MiddleAges(500–1500AD)Reasonbegantoreplacepeople’sbeliefsinspiritualorsuperstitiouscausesfordisease.Doctorsbegantokeepcarefulnotes.Developmentofmedicineasascience.Regulationofmedicalcare–licens

3、ing,formaltraining(nowomen).Religioushospitals.HistoryofHealthCareBarber–SurgeonMiddleAgesCuthair,treatcataracts,practiceblood-letting,treatinjuries,amputatelimbs,cauterizedbleeds.Strippedpole–afteroperation,bandages,hungonstaff/poleandplacedoutsideasanadvertisement.Twirledbythewi

4、nd,theywouldformred/whitespiralpatterns.HistoryofHealthCareRenaissance(1300–1600AD)ScientificMethodcameintouseProcessusedtoacquirenewknowledgeinsteadofguessingorsupernatural.Basedonobservation,takingcarefulnotes.MicroscopeinventedStudyofhumananatomyHistoryofHealthCareIndustrialRev

5、olution(1700–1800AD)IntroductionofmachinesBloodcarriedthroughbodybyvessels,discoveryofcapillariesStethoscopeinventedConnectionbetweenhealth&environmentVaccinationsSterilizationofequipmenttoavoidinfection(medicalasepsis)Discoveryofpathogens,anesthesiaHistoryofHealthCareModerntimes(

6、1900–present)HospitalswereplacesforpeopletogotodieAdvancesinengineering,chemistry,physicsAntibiotics&othermedicationsinventedX-raysOrgantransplants,artificialorgansInvitrofertilizationResearch,technology,andcomputersTheCaduceusGreekGodofHealing–AsclepiusHissymbolwasthesnakePriesth

7、ealerslateradoptedthesymbolandhasnowbecomethesymbolforphysiciansAngelofhealingMedicalMilestones1518–CollegeofPhysiciansisestablishedinLondon.1628–WilliamHarveydescribesthecirculationofblood.1816–ReneLaennecinventsthestethoscope.1839–FirstdentalschoolfoundedinBaltimore.1842–Crawfor

8、dLangdevelopsetheranesthesia.1869